{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:56:26Z","timestamp":1780379786848,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, is a bactericidal antibiotic targeting DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV encoded by the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Resistance to fluoroquinolones requires the accumulation of multiple mutations including those that alter target genes and increase drug efflux. To examine the development of fluoroquinolones resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ciprofloxacin induction and selection was used to obtain several resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, which showed decreased susceptibilities to quinolones, and increased or decreased susceptibility to other structurally unrelated antibiotics. Quinolone resistance-determining region mutations were characterized, and it was found that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations occurred in some of the high-level resistant mutants although\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    was present in both wild-type susceptible and resistant mutant strains. The mutants showed increased\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin caused a further increase in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression independently of the SOS system. Two mutants demonstrated increased expression of the VmeCD-VpoC pump gene that promotes quinolone efflux. In addition, some of the high-level resistance mutants significantly decreased bacterial fitness. These data suggested that multiple genes contributed to the enhanced ciprofloxacin resistance appeared in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and that acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance impaired bacterial fitness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2018.2476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T11:35:20Z","timestamp":1533296120000},"page":"711-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Laboratory-Derived Mutants of\n                    <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/i>\n                    with\n                    <i>qnr<\/i>\n                    Gene"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gengqin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaosheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"[CLSI] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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