{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:26:23Z","timestamp":1791822383557,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chicken liver has been implicated in several reported U.S. illness outbreaks, probably caused by inadequate cooking and pathogen contamination. To identify commonalities among these outbreaks that could represent targets for prevention, we describe chicken liver\u2013associated U.S. outbreaks during 2000\u20132016 reported to the Food Safety and Inspection Service, to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and in published literature. We identified 28 outbreaks (23 [82.1%] were campylobacteriosis only, 3 [10.7%] were salmonellosis only, and 2 [7.1%] were caused by both pathogens), with 18 (64.3%) occurring during 2014\u20132016. Common outbreak features included blended chicken liver dishes (e.g., p\u00e2t\u00e9; 24 [85.7%]), inadequate cooking (26 [92.8%]), and preparation in foodservice settings (e.g., sit-down restaurants; 25 [89.3%]). The increasing frequency of reported outbreaks highlights chicken liver as an important food safety problem. Public health partners should collaborate on prevention measures, including education on proper foodservice preparation of blended chicken liver dishes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2018.2489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T11:57:46Z","timestamp":1536321466000},"page":"726-733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Chicken Liver\u2013Associated Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis and Salmonellosis, United States, 2000\u20132016: Identifying Opportunities for Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Lanier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps"},{"name":"Food Safety and Inspection Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kis Robertson","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps"},{"name":"Food Safety and Inspection Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee L.","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Georgia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dewey-Mattia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Georgia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6453a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.17.5.921-922.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Campylobacter contaminations of poultry liver\u2014Consequences for food handlers and consumers","volume":"46","author":"Baumgartner A","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumgartner A, , Grand M, , Liniger M, , Simmen A. 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