{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:45:12Z","timestamp":1787161512174,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To evaluate the effects of a patented\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    probiotic, weaned Holstein steers, not shedding\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940; \u223c90\u2009kg), were supplemented (CLO) or not (CON) with CLOSTAT\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (13 g\/hd per day; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) in a starter ration for 35 d. The calves were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design with CLO and CON calves that were orally administered\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (STM) or not (NoSTM). Calves were challenged with 1.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    colony-forming unit (CFU)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium (resistant to 50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL nalidixic acid) in 1\u2009L of milk replacer on day 0. Blood samples were collected through jugular catheters every 6\u2009h for 96\u2009h, and body temperature was measured every 5\u2009min through indwelling rectal temperature recording devices. Five calves from each treatment were harvested 48\u2009h postchallenge, and the remaining calves were harvested 96\u2009h postchallenge. During necropsy, tissues were collected for the isolation and quantification of the inoculated STM from various tissues. The CLOSTM group had reduced STM concentrations in the jejunum, ileum, and transverse colon 48\u2009h after the challenge (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.03), but were not different 96\u2009h postchallenge (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Decreased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) pyrexia was observed after the challenge in CLOSTM calves when compared with CONSTM calves. White blood cells and lymphocyte counts were increased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05) in CLOSTM calves after the challenge in comparison with other treatments. In calves given STM, the CLO group had greater feed intake before and after the challenge (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) compared with the CON group. Increased serum IL-6 and IFN-\u03b3 concentrations were observed in the CONSTM group compared with other treatments. Overall, CLO reduced\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    presence and concentrations in gastrointestinal tissues while simultaneously reducing the severity of the challenge as indicated by blood parameters and the reduced febrile response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1588192818000},"page":"521-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                    PB6 Supplementation in Weaned Holstein Steers During an Experimental\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Broadway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery A.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"Burdick Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd R.","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara D.","family":"Lawhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elana V.","family":"Gart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather D.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SciWrite Consulting, Canyon, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrad F.","family":"Legako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerilyn E.","family":"Hergenreder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Whitney","family":"Rounds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-71.8.1685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00955.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Alternative antimicrobial supplements that positively impact animal health and food safety","volume":"4","author":"Broadway P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Broadway P, , Carroll J, , Callaway T. Alternative antimicrobial supplements that positively impact animal health and food safety. 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