{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:25:18Z","timestamp":1793406318562,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"\n Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate AMR in generic\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n recovered from broiler chickens in Canada. To do this, an analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility results was performed on a sample of generic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from the 2012 to 2013 national microbiological baseline study in broiler chicken. Of the 1135 generic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates tested, 940 (82.8%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, with a large number of unique AMR profiles observed. Of the 1495\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolates tested, 879 (58.8%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Resistance was most common to aminoglycosides, \u03b2-lactams, and tetracyclines and, for generic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates only, folate inhibitors. Differences in AMR patterns were observed across regions for both\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n . For\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n , the levels of resistance were similar across the different sectors sampled along the food chain (e.g., slaughterhouse and retail) and the types of product sampled. There were also considerable differences in the levels and patterns of resistance among different\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n serovars, with most\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Enteritidis isolates being susceptible to all antimicrobials tested.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T11:01:39Z","timestamp":1594810899000},"page":"672-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n and\n Salmonella<\/i>\n Isolates in Canadian Broiler Chickens and Their Products"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Romero-Barrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Jane","family":"Parmley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Leclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","unstructured":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). National Microbiological Baseline Study in Broiler Chicken: December 2012\u2013December 2013. 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.inspection.gc.ca\/food\/chemical-residues-microbiology\/food-safety-testing-reports\/2016-08-17\/december-2012-december-2013\/eng\/1471358115567\/1471358175297 accessed May7 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001778"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/threat-report-2013\/pdf\/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf accessed May7 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","volume-title":"When Antibiotics Fail","author":"Council of Canadian Academies (CCA)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Council of Canadian Academies (CCA). 2019. When Antibiotics Fail. Ottawa, ON, Canada: The Expert Panel on the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada, Council of Canadian Academies."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","volume-title":"Salmonella enterica","author":"Dhanani AS","unstructured":"Dhanani AS, , Block G, , Dewar K, , Forgetta V, , Topp E, , Beiko RG, , Diarra MS. Genomic comparison of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica. serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar and Kentucky isolates from broiler chickens. PLoS One 2015;10: e012, 8773."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in broiler chicken along the food chain in Canada","author":"Dram\u00e9 O","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dram\u00e9 O, , Leclair D, , Parmley EJ, , Deckert A, , Ouattara B, , Daignault D, , Ravel A. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in broiler chicken along the food chain in Canada. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2020; 7.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1836-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.090729"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","first-page":"4036","article-title":"EU Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2013","volume":"13","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)","year":"2015","unstructured":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). EU Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2013. EFSA J, 2015; 13:4036, 178 pp.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). Risk assessments of Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens (Vol. 2). 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/005\/Y4392E\/y4392e00.htm accessed May7 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NARMS Executive report 2012\u20132013. 2015. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AnimalVeterinary\/SafetyHealth\/AntimicrobialResistance\/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringSystem\/UCM453398.pdf accessed May7 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NARMS Now . Rockville MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2019. Availableat: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/AnimalVeterinary\/SafetyHealth\/AntimicrobialResistance\/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringSystem\/ucm416741.htm accessed December20 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02956-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2144"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.121351"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002548"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.111866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1438"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Estimation of the relative contribution of different food and animal sources to human Salmonella infections in the European Union","author":"Pires SM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pires SM, , Knegt L, , Hald T. Estimation of the relative contribution of different food and animal sources to human Salmonella infections in the European Union. EFSA Supporting Publications, 2011; 8.","journal-title":"EFSA Supporting Publications"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Government of Canada. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) 2013 Annual Report\u2014Chapter I","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Government of Canada. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) 2013 Annual Report\u2014Chapter I. Design and Methods. 2015; 20\u201321. Available at: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca\/cipars-picra\/2012\/assets\/pdf\/HP2-4-2012-1-eng.pdf, accessed May7, 2020.","journal-title":"Design and Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","volume-title":"Government of Canada. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) 2014 Annual Report","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). 2016. Government of Canada. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) 2014 Annual Report. Guelph, Ontario, Public Health Agency of Canada, 2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1389"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). No Time to Wait: Securing the future from drug-resistant infections. Report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations Geneva. Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance WHO. 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/antimicrobial-resistance\/interagency-coordination-group\/IACG_final_report_EN.pdf?ua=1 accessed May7 2020."}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:23:22Z","timestamp":1777443802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2019.2776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}