{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:31:15Z","timestamp":1783643475771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"\n Colistin is an important antibiotic currently used to manage infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens in both humans and livestock animals. A new mobile colistin-resistance (\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n ) gene was recently discovered; this discovery highlighted the need for rigorous monitoring of bacterial resistance against colistin.\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n is one of the major pathogens responsible for foodborne illnesses; however, there is minimal information regarding the presence of\n mcr<\/jats:italic>\n genes in foodborne\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of\n mcr<\/jats:italic>\n genes among 178\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n strains isolated from chicken meat in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility was measured using the broth microdilution method. Bioinformatics characterization of colistin-resistant strains and genetic environment of the\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n gene were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Transferability of the\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n carrying colistin-resistant\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n strain was tested using broth-mating conjugation. Thirteen of the 178\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolates showed colistin resistance, but only one strain,\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Dessau ST14 (KUFSE-SAL043) from a traditional chicken market in Korea, carried an\n mcr<\/jats:italic>\n family gene,\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n . This strain also carried other acquired antimicrobial resistance genes such as\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n aac(6\u2032)-Iaa<\/jats:italic>\n . Only the IncX1 plasmid replicon type was detected in this strain. In the strain KUFSE-SAL043, the\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n gene was located between two insertion sequences, IS\n 903B<\/jats:italic>\n and IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n , followed by the downstream regulatory genes\n qseB<\/jats:italic>\n -like and\n qseC<\/jats:italic>\n -like, which were located between IS\n 1R<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \u0394<\/jats:italic>\n IS\n 1R<\/jats:italic>\n . Conjugation tests revealed that the\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n gene was successfully transferred to\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n J53 at a mean frequency of 2.03\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22127<\/jats:sup>\n . This is the first report of a transferable\n mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n gene in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from chicken meat in Korea, highlighting the possibility of transfer of colistin resistance. Therefore, the wide use of colistin should be reconsidered, and a One Health perspective should be adopted to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n strains in humans, livestock, and the environment.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1598270182000},"page":"720-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Emergence of Transferable\n mcr-9<\/i>\n Gene-Carrying Colistin-Resistant\n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n Dessau ST14 Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Min-Hyeok","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun-Jo","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woojung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ha","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Gee","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Sun","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"A link between the newly described colistin resistance gene mcr-9 and clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying blaSHV-12\n from horses in Sweden","volume":"5","author":"B\u00f6rjesson S","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u00f6rjesson S, , Greko C, , Myren\u00e5s M, , Land\u00e9n A, , Nilsson O, , Pedersen K. A link between the newly described colistin resistance gene mcr-9 and clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying blaSHV-12 from horses in Sweden. J Global Antimicrob Resist, 2019; 5:285\u2013289.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00853-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00629-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Document M100. Wayne PA: CLSI 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"EUCAST (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters. 2019. Version 9.0. Available at: http:\/\/www.eucast.org accessed December25 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-327"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","article-title":"mcr-9, an inducible gene encoding an acquired phosphoethanolamine transferase in Escherichia coli, and its origin","volume":"63","author":"Kieffer N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kieffer N, , Royer G, , Decousser J-W, , Bourrel AS, , Palmieri M, , Ortiz De La Rosa JM, , Jacquier H, , Denamur E, , Nordmann P, , Poirel L. mcr-9, an inducible gene encoding an acquired phosphoethanolamine transferase in Escherichia coli, and its origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2019; 63:e00965-19.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2009.41.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7020055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez376"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1590-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30418-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00009-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S217168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00323-15"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:23:23Z","timestamp":1777443803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2020.2810","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}