{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:21:22Z","timestamp":1777641682554,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) poses a significant public health challenge for children in developing countries. Considering the high prevalence of AGE in Iranian children, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the patterns and changes in bacterial identification as well as antibiotic resistance in AG over the course of 7 years. From January 2015 to December 2021, a total of 15,300 pediatric patients with AGE were admitted to the Children's Medical Center, an Iranian academic referral hospital, Tehran, Iran. Among these cases, 8.9% (1329 individuals) yielded positive stool cultures. The predominant bacterial etiology of AGE was identified as\n Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009424, 31.9%), and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n group D (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009367, 27.6%), followed by\n Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n : 16.3% (217 cases),\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n group C (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009152, 11.4%),\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n group B (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200991, 6.8%),\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200965, 4.9%),\n Shigella boydii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910, 0.75%), and\n Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093, 0.2%). Notably,\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited high resistance rates to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (97.6%) and nalidixic acid (95.3%).\n S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. boydii<\/jats:italic>\n isolates displayed significant resistance to ampicillin (96.8% and 88.9%, respectively).\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n group D demonstrated elevated resistance to ciprofloxacin (81.3%) and nalidixic acid (88.5%), with notable sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefotaxime (97.3% and 97.5%, respectively).\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n displayed resistance rates of 80%, 74%, and 66% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The fluctuating prevalence of\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n group D, two predominant bacterial isolates associated with AGE, underscores the dynamic nature of these pathogens. The notable increase in antibiotic resistance observed in\n S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n raises concerns, underscoring the critical need for judicious and careful antibiotic use.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2023.0172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T12:55:12Z","timestamp":1713963312000},"page":"309-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changing Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Childhood Diarrhea: Insights from a 7-Year Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Forough","family":"Mohamadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Pourakbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh","family":"Hosseinpour Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sotoudeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4735-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setareh","family":"Mamishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn252"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","article-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2021","unstructured":"CLSI. 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