{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1791822419833,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Over the past decade, there has been a rise in U.S. backyard poultry ownership, raising concern for residential area antimicrobial-resistant (AMR)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    contamination. This study aims to lay the groundwork to better understand the persistence of AMR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in residential broiler production systems and make comparisons with commercial systems. Ten backyard and 10 commercial farms were sampled at three time points across bird production. Both fecal (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) and environmental (soil,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095, litter\/compost,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095, feeder, and waterer swabs,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) samples were collected at each visit on days 10, 31, and 52 of production for backyard farms and days 10, 24, and 38 of production for commercial farms. AMR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    was characterized phenotypically by broth microdilution and genotypically by whole-genome sequencing. Overall,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more prevalent in commercial farm samples (52.31%) over backyard farms (19.10%). Kentucky (sequence type (ST) 152) was the most common serotype found in both backyard and commercial farms. Multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistance to \u22653 or more antimicrobial classes) isolates were found in both production systems, while ciprofloxacin- and nalidixic acid-resistant and intermediate isolates were more prevalent in commercial (33%) than backyard samples (1%). Plasmids that have been associated with MDR were found in Kentucky and Infantis isolates, particularly IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3 megaplasmid (Infantis). Our study emphasizes the need to understand the selection pressures in disseminating megaplasmids in MDR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in distinct broiler production systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2023.0181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T16:34:08Z","timestamp":1713458048000},"page":"322-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Megaplasmid Dissemination in Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Serotypes from Backyard and Commercial Broiler Production Systems in the Southeastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Parzygnat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Fosnaught","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Muyyarrikkandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brooking, South Dakota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndy","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0566"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102275"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.5.873"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu088"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02412-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Advice to Clinicians. 2019a. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/infantis-10-18\/advice.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreaks of Salmonella Infections Linked to Backyard Poultry. 2019b. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/backyardpoultry-05-19\/index.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreaks of Salmonella Linked to Backyard Poultry. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/backyardpoultry-05-20\/index.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella Outbreaks Linked to Backyard Poultry. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/backyardpoultry-05-21\/index.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Epi Info\u2122 StatCalc. 2022a. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/epiinfo\/user-guide\/statcalc\/statcalcintro.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella Outbreaks Linked to Backyard Poultry. 2022b. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/backyardpoultry-06-22\/index.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Snapshots of Serotypes. 2022c. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/reportspubs\/salmonella-atlas\/serotype-snapshots.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Information for Healthcare Professionals and Laboratories. 2023a. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/general\/technical.html#:\u223c:text=Recommended%20antibiotics%20for%20severe%20infections azithromycin%2C%20and%20third%20generation%20cephalosporins [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella and Food. 2023b. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodsafety\/communication\/salmonella-food.html#:\u223c:text=CDC%20estimates%20that%20Salmonella%20causes if%20it%27s%20not%20cooked%20thoroughly [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella Outbreaks Linked to Backyard Poultry. 2023c. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/backyardpoultry-05-23\/index.html [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella: Questions & Answers. 2023d. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/general\/index.html#:\u223c:text=Children%20under%205%20years%20old likely%20to%20have%20severe%20infections [Last accessed: October26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.34-9-375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00483-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107180"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040780"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-19-538"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","unstructured":"Gwin L Thiboumery A Stillman R. 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