{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:05:58Z","timestamp":1780052758748,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n This investigation aimed to examine the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin\u2013producing\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (STEC) strains found in diarrheal calves in Xinjiang between 2016 and 2022. A total of 800 samples, including 232 fecal and 568 rectal swabs from calves under 2 months old with diarrhea, were analyzed for Shiga toxin (Stx)\u2013encoding genes using polymerase chain reaction. The study characterized the isolates based on their\n stx<\/jats:italic>\n subtypes, virulence genes, O serogroups, phylogenetic groups, hemolytic phenotypes, antibiotic resistance, and resistance genes. This investigation detected 32 STEC isolates, with\n stx1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n stx2<\/jats:italic>\n genes in 37.5% and 12.5% of the isolates, respectively. Additionally, half of the isolates contained both genes. The combination of\n stx<\/jats:italic>\n subtypes was predominantly observed as follows:\n stx1a\/stx2d<\/jats:italic>\n (31.3%),\n stx1a<\/jats:italic>\n only (31.3%),\n stx1a\/stx2a\/stx2d<\/jats:italic>\n (12.5%),\n stx2d<\/jats:italic>\n only (9.4%),\n stx1a\/stx1d\/stx2d<\/jats:italic>\n (6.2%),\n stx1a\/stx1d<\/jats:italic>\n (6.2%), and\n stx2a\/stx2d<\/jats:italic>\n (3.1%). The\n eae<\/jats:italic>\n gene was found in one isolate that carried\n stx1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n stx2<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n , defining it as enterohemorrhagic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n . Additionally, six STEC carrying the\n astA<\/jats:italic>\n gene were identified as EAST1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n STEC. These isolates did not correspond to the serotypes in the \u201ctop seven\u201d category. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that most strains belonged to groups B1 (43.8%) and A (40.6%), with 56.3% exhibiting hemolytic activity. Moreover, among the 34.4% resistant isolates (2021\u223c2022), the drug resistance rates of STEC isolates to tetracycline, florfenicol, ceftazidime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and sulphamethoxazole ranged from 21.9% to 34.4%, to streptomycin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, aztreonam\u2013polymyxin B, and cefepime ranged from 3.1% to 18.8%. All isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance. The most common resistance genes identified were\n floR<\/jats:italic>\n (31.3%),\n tetA<\/jats:italic>\n (25.0%),\n sulR<\/jats:italic>\n (15.6%),\n strA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n strB<\/jats:italic>\n (12.5%), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n mph<\/jats:italic>\n (A) (9.4%). These findings offer valuable information that might aid in developing preventative measures and enhance the comprehension of the epidemiological characteristics of STEC in calves.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T03:42:28Z","timestamp":1736134948000},"page":"866-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Virulence Gene and Drug Resistance Analysis of Shiga Toxin\u2013Producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n from Diarrhea Calves in Xinjiang, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanqiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panpan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China."},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12060383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01949-21"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Incidence of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in diarrheic calves and its susceptibility profile to antimicrobials and Eugenia uniflora L","volume":"85","author":"Boriollo MFG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boriollo MFG, , Moreira BS, , Oliveira MC, et al. 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