{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:11:52Z","timestamp":1778098312437,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a widespread protozoan parasite approximately infecting one-third of the world population and can cause serious public health problems. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of the attenuated vaccine Pru:\u0394cdpk2 against acute toxoplasmosis and explored the underlying immune mechanisms of the protection in pigs. The systemic T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses were analyzed, including kinetics, phenotype, and multifunctionality (interferon [IFN]-\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-\u03b1), and the IFN-\u03b3 levels were analyzed in PBMCs. Our results showed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific antibodies were induced by Pru:\u0394cdpk2. After challenging with RH, the antibodies were able to respond quickly in the immunized group, and the expression level was significantly higher than that in the unimmunized group. The expression level of IFN-\u03b3 significantly increased after vaccination, and the CD3+ \u03b3\u03b4-, NK, and CD3+ \u03b3\u03b4+ cell subsets also significantly increased. At the same time, functional analysis indicated that these cells were polarized toward a Th1 phenotype, showing the ability to secrete IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. The CD4+CD8\u03b1-T cell population exhibited a higher frequency of IFN-\u03b3+ producing cells compared with the CD4-CD8\u03b1+ and CD4+CD8\u03b1+ cell populations during the early days of vaccination. Our results indicated that the attenuated vaccine could induce the expression of NK, \u03b3\u03b4, and CD3\u03b1\u03b2 cells in pigs, and IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 secreted by these cells are important for resistance to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T10:01:49Z","timestamp":1723456909000},"page":"673-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pru\u0394cdpk2 Protects Pigs Against Acute Toxoplasmosis Depending on T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi-Min","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Qian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Wang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Feng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ping","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious 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