{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:26:41Z","timestamp":1788906401453,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and state partners conducted a sample-initiated investigation of a multistate outbreak of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Senftenberg illnesses linked to peanut butter. Twenty-one illnesses and four hospitalizations were reported in 17 states, with a significant epidemiological signal for peanut butter from Firm A. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data from a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive environmental swab sample collected at Firm A in 2010 yielded the outbreak strain that was a match to the WGS data from the 2022 clinical isolates. Lot code information collected from patients indicated Firm A\u2019s facility in Kentucky as a common manufacturing source, and FDA and state partners initiated an inspection. In 2021, Firm A installed two new roasters with at least one of the cooling air supply vents leaking, allowing unfiltered air and rainwater to enter the cooling section after the roasting process. Investigators noted the limitations of Firm A\u2019s finished product testing program to identify contamination. Investigative partners from five states collected and analyzed 14 product samples, and FDA collected 205 environmental swabs, and all were negative. Although the exact source and route of the contamination were not determined, epidemiological and traceback evidence confirmed peanut butter consumed by patients was produced by Firm A. Firm A voluntarily recalled all implicated products and provided a plan for corrective actions and restart to FDA. This was the first major domestic investigation of a multistate-foodborne illness outbreak linked to peanut butter since 2012. This investigation demonstrates the importance of caution with reliance on finished product testing, taking appropriate corrective actions when detection occurs, and potential benefits for industry to incorporate WGS as a tool in their environmental monitoring program.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1733133677000},"page":"635-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Investigation of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Senftenberg Illnesses in the United States Linked to Peanut Butter\u20142022"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4685-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke M.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Kautter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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