{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:23:05Z","timestamp":1785810185046,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Food safety is a critical issue in the 21st century due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing harmful foodborne diseases. This comprehensive study meticulously examined the presence of bacterial isolates, quinolone residue, and antimicrobial resistance genes in samples of broiler and fish meat. Forty samples were collected from various locations in the Faisalabad metropolis. The samples underwent culture on various types of agar, and the Vitek 2 compact system was used to confirm the isolates along with determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify antimicrobial-resistant genes, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was employed to detect quinolone residue in each sample. Out of 40 fish samples, 66 polymicrobials were identified with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the most prevalent (26.6%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (16.6%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15%). Furthermore, 70 polymicrobial were identified in the broiler samples, with 41.6%\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 15%\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In fish isolates, 14 (21%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, 18 (27.2%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and 11 (16.6%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and in broiler samples, 19 (27.1%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, 19 (27.1%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 22 (31.4%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and 5 (7.1%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    were found. Eighteen (45%) broiler and 7 (17.5%) fish samples with more than 100 \u00b5g per kg (ppb) for quinolone residues. The study concluded that the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and quinolone residue poses a significant threat to consumer health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T01:03:11Z","timestamp":1737421391000},"page":"841-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Food Safety Concerns in Pakistan: Monitoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Residue Contamination in Commercially Available Fish and Poultry Meat Samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2636-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Qamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaneez","family":"Fizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ismail","family":"Chughtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Laboratories, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibigul","family":"Seytkhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz","family":"Yktiyarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Aatika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zikria","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ameer ud Din Medical College\/Lahore General Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Tufail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ameer ud Din Medical College\/Lahore General Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnoor","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ameer ud Din Medical College\/Lahore General Hospital and Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawaf Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Mohammad","family":"Salamatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bourhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00026-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5681\/hpp.2014.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03056-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"CLSI. 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