{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:34:14Z","timestamp":1783121654752,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis has recently been one of the most prevalent serotypes in poultry and has been identified in human salmonellosis cases worldwide. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis has emerged as a significant threat to both poultry production and public health due to its increasing prevalence and global dissemination. We identified the occurrence of an MDR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis clone in broiler flocks in Korea, and the clone was characterized to explore potential genetic causes for its high prevalence and rapid spread in broiler production. In total, 220\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated between 2020 and 2023 from broiler flocks were serotyped, and 50 strains were identified as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis (22.7%). The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Forty-six strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis isolated since 2020 were resistant to at least five antimicrobial families including ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. The strains showed 10 PFGE patterns and a single multilocus sequence type 32. Eight representative MDR strains were analyzed by WGS. Seven of the eight strains carried the plasmid of emerging\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis-like megaplasmids recognized globally in emergent MDR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis. They had a high prevalence of seven antimicrobial resistance genes, six of which were identified in plasmids. Also, they all share virulence genes, including fimbrial adherence determinants and secretion system components, and showed a clonal relationship to strains from North America, South America, and West Asia, suggesting potential international dissemination routes. To mitigate the risks associated with the rapid spread of MDR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis in poultry production and its potential impact on human health, this study provides valuable insights into implementing effective control measures to reduce\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in broiler production in Korea. Further highlighting the critical importance of enhanced biosecurity and continuous surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T12:26:11Z","timestamp":1740659171000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recent Occurrence and Rapid Spread of Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"So-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Il","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon","family":"Her","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Su","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1311-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myeongju","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Goo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002776"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00808.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01395-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12351"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108497"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01880"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Laboratory standard operating procedure for PulseNet Nextera XT Library Prep and Run Setup for the Illlumina MiSeq. 2015; Code PNL32. Available from: http:\/\/pulsenetinternational.org\/assets\/PulseNet\/uploads\/wgs\/PNL32-MiSeq-Nextera-XT-Protocol.pdf [Last accessed: December 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","volume-title":"Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria, 9th Ed. CLSI Standards M11","author":"Carpenter DE. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carpenter DE. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria, 9th Ed. CLSI Standards M11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.9106"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.6007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0447"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144802"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01741"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella serovars","author":"Grimont P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimont P, , Weill F-X. Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella serovars, (9th ed.) WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella. Institute Pasteur: Paris; 2007:1\u2013166.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6260-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.1038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01322"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.3.1045-1050.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00679-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.121511"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108956"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000658"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650733"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11121516"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.547891"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065492"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02481-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112370"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","unstructured":"PulseNet International. 2013 March. Standard Operating Procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC) Salmonella serotypes Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. Available from: https:\/\/pulsenetinternational.org\/protocols\/pfge\/ [Last accessed: December 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02225-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077836"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.p11101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00488-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0389"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:51:38Z","timestamp":1778662298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]}}}