{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1787008249402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Cronobacter sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n is an opportunistic pathogen associated with bloodstream infections and meningitis in neonates and infants.\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from infants under 1 year of age has been reportable in Minnesota since 2003. Invasive\n Cronobacter<\/jats:italic>\n infections in infants was recently made notifiable nationally in 2024. Therefore, this summary of over 20 years of reportable surveillance for\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n from Minnesota infants will inform other jurisdictions. During 2002\u20132024, 23\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n cases in infants, including 8 invasive and 15 non-invasive cases, were identified and confirmed using MALDI-TOF or conventional biochemical methods. Invasive cases were younger (median, 18 days; range, 8 days to 10 months) than non-invasive cases (median, 98 days; range, 7 days to 8 months).\n Cronobacter<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from infant (21), child (4), and adult (15) cases were submitted for whole genome sequencing (WGS) to obtain a contextual understanding of potential relatedness. In addition,\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF) in 2003 was sequenced for comparison. Sequence type (ST) 4 was responsible for the majority of\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n cases overall (65%) and invasive infant cases (88%). Opened and unopened PIF was cultured from 10 investigations representing both invasive and non-invasive cases. Two (25%) opened PIF samples tested positive for\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n ST 4 while one (11%) unopened PIF sample tested positive for\n C. sakazakii<\/jats:italic>\n ST 4. WGS demonstrated that no clinical cases were associated with a recognized outbreak. Several cases were likely due to contamination of PIF in the home during preparation, highlighting the importance of infant caregiver education to prevent infections.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:03:51Z","timestamp":1742216631000},"page":"232-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cronobacter<\/i>\n Surveillance in Minnesota, United States, 2002\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Rounds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annastasia","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Tourdot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Snippes Vagnone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Medus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lynfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6628a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01075-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Cronobacter Infection. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cronobacter\/about\/index.html [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Update: Investigation of Cronobacter Infections Among Infants in the United States. 2012. Available from: https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/cronobacter\/investigation.html [Last accessed: January14 2025]."},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula\u2013Tennessee, 2001","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula\u2013Tennessee, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2002; 51(14):297\u2013300.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How to Keep your Breast Pump Kit Clean. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hygiene\/pdf\/breastpumpkit-clean-508.pdf [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infant Formula Preparation and Storage. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nutrition\/infantandtoddlernutrition\/formula-feeding\/infant-formula-preparation-and-storage.html [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Cronobacter Position Statement Implementation Guidance. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/ps\/ps_2023\/Cronobacter_Additional_Mater.pdf [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/19490976.2014.983774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-030117-012246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7209a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65577-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.073742-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.032292-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2015.00056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1961-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"McBee S Thomas D Coyle J et al. Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Public Health Reporting and National Notification for Invasive Cronobacter Infection Among Infants. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/ps\/ps_2023\/23-ID-03_Cronobacter.pdf [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Health. Reporting Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/diseases\/cronobacter\/index.html [Last accessed: December3 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.140545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00700-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2605.190858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Safe Preparation Storage and Handling of Powdered Infant Formula: Guidelines. 2007. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241595414 [Last accessed: January29 2025]."}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:27:49Z","timestamp":1778128069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2024.0177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]}}}