{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:08:54Z","timestamp":1778760534097,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human astrovirus (HAstV) and sapovirus (SaV) are significant pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. This study established a triple reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RT-ddPCR) assay incorporating MS2 phage as a process control virus for the simultaneous quantification of HAstV and SaV. The assay was validated using 240 bivalve samples, comprising five shellfish species:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ostreidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 43),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ruditapes philippinarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 84),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sinonovacula constricta<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 27),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Scapharca subcrenata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 23), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pectinidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 63). The results indicated that the developed RT-ddPCR assay had a good exclusivity, with detection limits of 5.15 copies\/reaction for HAstV, 7.71 copies\/reaction for SaV, and 6.13 copies\/reaction for MS2 RNA. Viral screening revealed HAstV in 1.25% (3\/240) of samples, with a maximum load of 22,140 copies\/2 g, while SaV exhibited a higher prevalence of 13.33% (32\/240) and a peak concentration of 68,700 copies\/2 g. Different species of bivalve shellfish exhibited varying detection rates; the highest SaV detection rate was found in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ostreidaes<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 20.93% (9\/43), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ruditapes philippinarums<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 14.29% (12\/84),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Scapharca subcrenatas<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 13.04% (3\/23),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pectinidaes<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 11.11% (7\/63), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sinonovacula constrictas<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 3.70% (1\/27). HAstV was only detected in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. philippinarums<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pectinidaes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with detection rates of 1.19% (1\/84) and 3.17% (2\/63), respectively. Additionally, both HAstV and SaV were detected in a single\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pectinidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    sample (0.42%, 1\/240). The triple RT-ddPCR assay developed in this study is reliable, accurate, and highly sensitive, providing effective technical support for the quantitative detection of HAstV and SaV in bivalve shellfish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2025.0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T20:52:41Z","timestamp":1744663961000},"page":"290-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application Research on the Triplex RT-ddPCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Human Astrovirus and Sapovirus in Bivalve Shellfish"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0140-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maolin","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang, China."},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(75)92581-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30270-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-012-9095-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12040723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.7.2000060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142588"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-016-9277-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.133-139.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01706-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21791"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23883"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","volume-title":"Microbiology of the Food Chain - Horizontal Method for Determination of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Using Real-Time RT-PCR\u2014Part 2: Method for Detection","author":"ISO 15216-2:2019","year":"2019","unstructured":"ISO 15216-2:2019. 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