{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:50:36Z","timestamp":1791629436838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ticks are significant vectors of various pathogens affecting humans and livestock, necessitating effective control strategies. The widespread use of chemical acaricides has led to resistance development and environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), particularly\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Metarhizium anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      , have emerged as promising biocontrol agents due to their pathogenicity against arthropods. This study evaluates the efficacy of these fungi in controlling tick populations under laboratory and field conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fungal isolates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      were cultured and applied to adult and nymphal ticks using direct immersion and topical application methods. Tick mortality was monitored over 14 days, and lethal time 50% (LT\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and lethal concentration 50% (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values were determined using probit analysis. Environmental stability assays assessed conidial viability under different temperature and ultraviolet (UV) exposure conditions. A field trial was conducted to evaluate fungal efficacy in reducing tick populations in a natural setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced significant mortality in ticks, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibiting slightly higher virulence. LT\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were 5.8 \u00b1 0.4 days for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 6.9 \u00b1 0.5 days for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Conidial viability declined under high temperatures and prolonged UV exposure, but fungal application in shaded areas improved efficacy. The field trial showed a 67.3% reduction in tick populations after fungal treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate the potential of EPF as effective biocontrol agents for tick management. While environmental factors influence fungal persistence, protective formulations and targeted application strategies could enhance field performance. Integrating EPF with other control measures may provide a sustainable approach to tick population suppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T10:02:22Z","timestamp":1749463342000},"page":"561-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Biocontrol of Tick Populations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Advancing Insights into Visceral Leishmaniasis: Challenges Innovations and Future Directions in Global Disease Management. Innovations and Future Directions in Global Disease Management. n.d.a."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Biodiversity Geographical Distribution and Faunal Study of Tick Populations Infesting Livestock in an Elevated County of Midwest Iran. Available at SSRN 4701483. n.d.b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Global Trends in the Burden of Malaria: Mapping the Prevalence Incidence and Mortality of Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax in the Era of Climate Change and Emerging Drug Resistance. Incidence and Mortality of Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax in the Era of Climate Change and Emerging Drug Resistance. n.d.c."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Study on prevalence and identification of livestock tick by sex ratio and host in Tehran province. 2022.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1759027\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/69542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obaf011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Edible insects as a sustainable and innovative approach to addressing global food security and environmental challenges: A comprehensive review","volume":"1","author":"Abbasi E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Edible insects as a sustainable and innovative approach to addressing global food security and environmental challenges: A comprehensive review. J Insects Food Feed, 2025c;1(aop):1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijidoh.2025.100058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","article-title":"Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention and Control of Dengue Virus Vectors and Related Diseases: A Systematic Review Study","volume":"2025","author":"Abbasi E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abbasi E. Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention and Control of Dengue Virus Vectors and Related Diseases: A Systematic Review Study. medRxiv, 2025g;2025.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","article-title":"Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles punctipennis)","author":"Abbasi E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasi E, , Daliri S. Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles punctipennis). A Systematic Review Study, 2024a.","journal-title":"A Systematic Review Study"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/apjtm.apjtm_26_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e41571"},{"issue":"2024","key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","article-title":"Prevalence of chikungunya, dengue, and west nile arboviruses in Iran based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Abbasi E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasi E, , Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Prevalence of chikungunya, dengue, and west nile arboviruses in Iran based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv, 2024(2024).","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi E Moemenbellah-Fard MD Alipour H et al. Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling. 2025b.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.173745736.63860806\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi E Saeedi S. A perspective on human leishmaniasis and new methods with therapeutic strategies for prevention diagnosis and treatment. 2022.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2104725\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002826"},{"issue":"2024","key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","article-title":"FIThe effects of curcumin supplementation on body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","author":"Alivand N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alivand N, , Alivand S, , Masoumi S, et al. FIThe effects of curcumin supplementation on body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. medRxiv, 2024(2024).","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5267-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09670874.2017.1397300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70870-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/83.3.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025379307255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010722914299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","unstructured":"Mor\u00e1n LM. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de bact\u00e9rias como agentes de controle biol\u00f3gico de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3534-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/99.6.1955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15121017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tqem.22174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talbalaghi A Abbasi E Hassandoust S. An innovative method to deal with the spread of Aedes albopictus in the Urban Centers of Alessandria used by Citizen. 2024.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4872090\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.2001.5056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202400159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","article-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: A guide to identification of species","author":"Walker AR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walker AR. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: A guide to identification of species. Bioscience Reports Edinburgh, 2003.","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150701593963"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:26:24Z","timestamp":1791627984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2025.0057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}