{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:09:20Z","timestamp":1785470960023,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital capillary malformation occurring commonly in the head and neck. Left untreated, affected areas may darken and hypertrophy over time, resulting in pronounced disfigurement, risk of spontaneous hemorrhage, and functional impairment. The burden of hypertrophic facial PWS and the benefit of laser therapy have not heretofore been well characterized. Herein, the health utility of these two states is assessed among na\u00efve observers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Na\u00efve observers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009262) ranked the utility of four randomized health states (monocular blindness, binocular blindness, hypertrophic facial PWS, and laser-treated facial PWS) by means of visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) techniques. Health states are presented using standardized facial photographs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Health utilities (VAS, SG, and TTO) were reported as follows (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation): monocular blindness (0.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21, 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21, 0.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18), binocular blindness (0.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26, 0.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27, 0.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27), hypertrophic facial PWS (0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24, 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23, 0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21), and laser-treated facial PWS (0.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, 0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18, 0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16). Laser-treated facial PWS showed significantly higher utility measures than the untreated hypertrophic state (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, all measures), with a difference of 3.24 quality-adjusted life years. Linear regression analysis revealed that non-Caucasian race and higher level of education were associated with lower SG and TTO utility scores for the hypertrophic facial PWS state among na\u00efve observers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Societal-perceived utility of hypertrophic facial PWS is similar to that of monocular blindness. Laser-treated facial PWS is perceived significantly more favorably than the untreated hypertrophic state. These findings provide insight into the societal burden of facial PWS and impact of laser treatment, facilitating objective comparisons with other disparate disease states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T18:06:28Z","timestamp":1587578788000},"page":"327-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Societal-Perceived Health Utility of Hypertrophic Facial Port-Wine Stain and Laser Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Heiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn and Peter Lynch Center for Laser and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nate","family":"Jowett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn and Peter Lynch Center for Laser and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Occhiogrosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn and Peter Lynch Center for Laser and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren","family":"Tessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elite Plastic Surgery, Phoenix, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oon T.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn and Peter Lynch Center for Laser and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.2.218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1953.01540030065006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000235546"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70102-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.111353"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1991.tb01597.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20788"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01800.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198806000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900010303"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639909056045"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1653"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Port-wine stains: a focused review on their management","volume":"16","author":"Updyke KM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Updyke KM, , Khachemoune A. 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