{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:05:39Z","timestamp":1792458339310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Predicting symptomatic relief after septoplasty has been difficult. Minimal cross-sectional area (mCSA) measured by acoustic rhinometry and airflow resistance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) measured by rhinomanometry have been used to select surgical candidates with mixed success. An important assumption is that mCSA and resistance are tightly coupled, but studies have reported weak or no correlation. Recently, we proposed the Bernoulli Obstruction Theory as an explanation, where tight coupling between mCSA and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      is only predicted below a critical mCSA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nasal airway and septum of 10 healthy subjects were reconstructed from computed tomography scans. Simulated anterior septal deviations of increasing severity were created. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to quantify mCSA, resistance, and flow in the healthy septum model and four simulated septal deviation models for each subject (total of 50 models).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A tighter coupling between mCSA and resistance was found below\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                      , estimated to be 0.20\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (a very severe deviation). Above\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                      , enlarging the mCSA had a smaller effect in patients with narrower cross-sectional area in the postvalve region (CSA\n                      <jats:sub>PV<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two patterns of flow increase are expected with septoplasty. Below\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                      , enlarging mCSA predictably increases flow. Above\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                      , the effect size of increasing mCSA depends on CSA\n                      <jats:sub>PV<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Unrecognized small CSA\n                      <jats:sub>PV<\/jats:sub>\n                      may explain persistent sensation of nasal obstruction after septoplasty. Our data suggest that inferior turbinate reduction ipsilateral to a septal deviation may amplify airflow benefits after septoplasty in patients with a narrow CSA\n                      <jats:sub>PV<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T23:12:51Z","timestamp":1590793971000},"page":"13-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Narrowed Posterior Nasal Airway Limits Efficacy of Anterior Septoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Gh.","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University &amp; The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme J.M.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University &amp; The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.09.013"},{"issue":"71","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Assessment of septoplasty effectiveness using acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry","volume":"25","author":"Dadgarnia MH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dadgarnia MH, , Baradaranfar MH, , Mazidi M, et al. 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