{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:48:14Z","timestamp":1781700494392,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to review the incidence of nasal skin compromise after open rhinoplasty surgery and outcomes of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether risk of skin compromise after open rhinoplasty surgery can be predicted and whether our treatment protocol led to acceptable outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective chart review of the senior author's private patients. In total, 384 rhinoplasty cases were reviewed and all cases with signs of vascular compromise requiring treatment were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate characteristics of patients who developed intra- and postoperative skin compromise, and unpaired two-tailed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to compare the characteristics of patients with and without compromised nasal skin when possible. Overall satisfaction results and complications in the skin compromise group were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 384 open rhinoplasties were performed by the senior author between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. Of them, 109 were primary rhinoplasties and 275 were revision rhinoplasties. Of the 384 rhinoplasties, 27 (7%) had skin compromise leading to unplanned postoperative treatment. Two of the patients in the skin compromise group underwent primary surgeries (7.4%) and 25 underwent revision procedures (92.6%). Advanced age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), prior or current history of smoking (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), and greater number of prior rhinoplasty surgeries (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002) were significantly correlated with risk of skin compromise. The average time to last follow-up in the skin compromise group was 392 days (range 15\u20131057 days). At their last follow-up, 12 patients had complete resolution of all signs of nasal skin compromise with no further treatment required (44.4%). The revision rate for patients experiencing skin compromise was 22.2%. One patient underwent revision surgery directly related to a complication of skin compromise and one is considering revision directly related to skin breakdown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rate of skin compromise after open rhinoplasty is low. Older patients and patients with more prior rhinoplasty surgeries may be at increased risk. Prompt treatment of compromised nasal blood supply after rhinoplasty surgery can salvage skin in most patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T13:30:14Z","timestamp":1602768614000},"page":"118-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Outcomes of a Treatment Protocol for Compromised Nasal Skin in Primary and Revision Open Rhinoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Leslie E.","family":"Irvine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Irvine MD, Inc., Manhattan Beach, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Azizzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Center for Advanced Facial Plastic Surgery, Beverly Hills, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Kerulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago-College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nassif MD, Inc., and Associates, Beverly Hills, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200012000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890130020003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2012.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860260053013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328355b1f2"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"A treatment protocol for vascular occlusion from particulate soft tissue augmentation","volume":"5","author":"Beer K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beer K, , Downie J, , Beer J. 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