{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:40:00Z","timestamp":1777642800606,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited studies have discussed the association between facial fractures and subsequent migraines. In this study, we examined this association and the effect of facial fracture and surgery on the development of migraines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected 5034 patients with facial fractures and a matched cohort of 20,136 patients without facial fractures or facial-associated surgery with a history of migraine from the National Health Insurance database. Risk factors included age, gender, occupation (white-collar, blue-collar, and others), and comorbidities. Patients were frequency matched by age, gender, and index year. The incidence of migraine and the association between migraine development and facial surgery were identified by facial fracture location stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of migraines in the facial fracture cohort was 1.37-fold higher when compared with the comparison cohort (6.47 vs. 4.73 per 1000 person-years). There was a 1.31-fold risk of migraines in the adjusted hazard model and a 1.30-fold risk of migraines in the subdistribution hazard model (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12\u20131.52 and 1.12\u20131.51, respectively). Malar\/maxillary and nasal fractures showed 1.48- and 1.29-fold risks of migraines in the adjusted hazard model and subdistribution hazard model (95% CI, 1.16\u20131.89 and 1.05\u20131.59, respectively). There were no significant differences in migraine occurrence among patients who underwent surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicated that malar\/maxillary and nasal fractures were associated with a subsequent risk of migraines. There were no significant differences in migraine occurrence among patients who underwent surgery. Because of the retrospective nature of this study, further studies are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T09:56:25Z","timestamp":1603706185000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of Subsequent Migraines in Facial Fracture Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Pin-Keng","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Xun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsin","family":"Muo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators Global regional and national incidence prevalence and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 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