{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:39:35Z","timestamp":1777642775189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to analyze the anatomical location and continuation between the retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) and sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system fat (subSMAS fat; named \u201cinnominate fascia\u201d) by comparing their layered structures, thereby letting us suggest a safe minimally invasive procedure guideline for the forehead and temple.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonographic scanning was performed from the upper medial eyebrow to the lateral side of the superior temporal line in 109 volunteers. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on five specimens at the same area as ultrasonographic scanning. Then, four embalmed cadavers were dissected from the orbicularis oculi, frontalis muscle, superficial temporal fascia, and SMAS to confirm the location and continuation pattern of the ROOF and subSMAS fat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On ultrasonography and histological images, there was a continuous fatty layer from the ROOF to the subSMAS fat. When dissecting, the ROOF, which was located deep below the frontalis muscle, also continued to the subSMAS fat, passing through the superior temporal line in the upper temporal region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed that the subSMAS fat is an anatomical fat structure that is continuous with the ROOF. Since the subSMAS fat layer is known as a less vascular area, it is considered a safer layer to avoid serious complications, and injecting accurately into the subSMAS fat layer has been a goal of clinicians. Based on this study, a cannula will safely approach the subSMAS fat through the ROOF injection that named \u201cforehead-downward approach.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T14:01:05Z","timestamp":1603116065000},"page":"362-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anatomical Continuation Between the Sub-Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Fat and Retro-Orbicularis Oculi Fat: The True Nature of the Retro-Orbicularis Oculi Fat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hyo-Sang","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Youth Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyoung Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maylin Clinic, Goyang, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e31802e2a70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000263094.74682.5f"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"618","article-title":"Clinical implications of the middle temporal vein with regard to temporal fossa augmentation","volume":"40","author":"Jung W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung W, , Youn KH, , Won SY, , Park JT, , Hu KS, , Kim HJ. Clinical implications of the middle temporal vein with regard to temporal fossa augmentation. Dermatol Surg. 2014; 40(6):618\u2013623.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(03)00310-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy of the Face for Filler and Botulinum Toxin Injection","author":"Kim HJ.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim HJ. Clinical anatomy of the upper face for filler injection. In: Kim HJ, Seo KK, Lee HK, Kim JS, eds. Clinical Anatomy of the Face for Filler and Botulinum Toxin Injection. 1st ed. New York. 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