{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1787008249378,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forehead reduction, or hairline lowering surgery, is becoming more popular as a cosmetic procedure for patients with disproportionately large foreheads. A large forehead can make a patient appear older, be masculinizing, and less attractive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify reported outcomes in patients undergoing forehead reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of adults undergoing forehead reduction. A review protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42020183366). A research librarian created search strategies in multiple databases. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed in duplicate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool were used. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome was amount of reduction. Other extracted data included study type, location, sample size, scalp fixation method, incision, complications, follow-up time, percentage female, and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our search strategy found 376 unique citations, and 8 studies were included. All eight were retrospective cohort studies, comprising 882 patients (range 5\u2013525). Study quality was high, and risk of bias ranged from unclear to high. Four studies were included for meta-analysis, totaling 801 patients. Mean amount of reduction was 1.6\u2009cm (95% confidence interval: 1.4\u20131.8). Complications included temporary and permanent alopecia, unacceptable scarring, persistent paresthesia, and hematoma. The pooled complication rate was 1% or less.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forehead reduction is associated with a low complication rate (&lt;1%), and a mean lowering of 1.6\u2009cm is reported. Future studies should report mean and standard deviation of reduction, and should follow patients for at least 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T23:58:51Z","timestamp":1613692731000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Forehead Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vila Facial Plastic Surgery, San Rafael, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaan N.","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q. Eileen","family":"Wafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Sidle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2008.528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14730\/aaps.2017.23.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Vila PM Sidle DM Somani SN Wafford QE. Outcomes in hairline lowering surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020; https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=183366. Accessed July5 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Wells GA Shea B O'Connell D et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2009; www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. 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