{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:39:51Z","timestamp":1777642791165,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-inflicted facial gunshot wounds (GSWs) result in complex but consistent injuries that are often survivable. We suggest a novel method for rapid stratification into groups that may be associated with hospital course and cost after self-inflicted facial GSWs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is retrospective review of self-inflicted facial GSWs between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, at a tertiary academic center. Patients were given a penetrating trauma rapid estimated disablity (PRED) score (1\u20134) based solely on radiologic imaging injury patterns. Clinicopathologic factors were then compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 2 PRED 1 patients (15.1%), 8 PRED 2 patients (29.6%), 5 PRED 3 patients (18.5%), and 12 PRED 4 patients (44.4%). An increased PRED score was statistically associated with increasing mean days in intensive care unit (2.5 PRED 1, 4.2 PRED 2, 6 PRED 3, 11.6 PRED 4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), mean length of hospitalization (5.5 PRED 1, 13.1 PRED 2, 25.6 PRED 3, 39.8 PRED 4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and mean cost ($) of hospitalization (22,000 PRED 1, 29,000 PRED 2, 37,000 PRED 3, 63,000 PRED 4,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PRED score for self-inflicted GSWs to the face is strongly associated with length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T16:42:36Z","timestamp":1614789756000},"page":"455-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Penetrating Trauma Rapid Estimated Disability Scale: Assessing Facial Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary C.","family":"McCrary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Aylward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Cerrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke O.","family":"Buchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/fatal.html (Accessed August22 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Understanding Suicide. Face Sheet 2015. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/suicide_factsheet-a.pdf (Accessed September10 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182aaa5b8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9220-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817725713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811400575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-012-0191-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"S384","article-title":"Specific abbreviated injury scale values are responsible for the underestimation of mortality in penetrating trauma patients by the injury severity score","volume":"71","author":"Rowell SE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rowell SE, , Barbosa RR, , Diggs BS, et al. Specific abbreviated injury scale values are responsible for the underestimation of mortality in penetrating trauma patients by the injury severity score. J Trauma. 2011; 71:S384\u2013S388.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2011.02422.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198020050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989611500519"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:24:10Z","timestamp":1777443850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0572","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-3614","2689-3622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-3614","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-3622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}}}