{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:52:13Z","timestamp":1788393133436,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender-affirming facial surgery (GFS) is becoming more widely available for transgender individuals, but data on surgical approaches and outcomes remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes among consecutive GFS cases performed at a tertiary care academic center between March 2016 and August 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-seven patients underwent 109 surgeries, including 478 individual procedures. The median age was 42 years. Ninety-five percent of patients had public health insurance. Two-stage GFS was often used in older patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), with the first stage involving bone and cartilaginous alterations, and the second stage involving soft tissue procedures. Mean hospital stay after first-stage GFS was 1.2 days, with 70% discharged on postoperative day 1. Mean follow-up was 11.3 months. Among 66 patients with at least 1 month of follow-up, all complications were minor and included surgical site infection (5%), dehiscence (3.0%), seroma (3%), and medical complications (6%). Thirty-day hospital readmission rate was 1.5%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are unique surgical approaches for GFS, which demonstrate low complication and readmission rates. Understanding these approaches and outcomes may help guide preoperative patient consultations and clinical decision making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T09:47:23Z","timestamp":1632736043000},"page":"54-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery: Experiences and Outcomes at an Academic Center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Salesky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron L.","family":"Zebolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline A.","family":"Wulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Daniel","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Age of Individuals who Identify as Transgender in the United States","author":"Herman JL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herman JL, , Flores AR, , Brown TN, et al. Age of Individuals who Identify as Transgender in the United States. Los Angeles, California: Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9668-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001425"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000549"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006837"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002171"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000475754.71333.f6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820924635"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1572"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0226"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","author":"Duboy A","unstructured":"Duboy A, , Fraenkel L. Facial feminization surgery: the ethics of gatekeeping in transgender health. 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