{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1791951711546,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most of the characteristic facial features of patients with unilateral macrostomia are attributed to the malformation of commissure muscles. This study aimed to evaluate a modified surgical treatment for such patients that focuses on both appearance and symmetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients with macrostomia underwent surgery using the proposed method. Facial measurements were analyzed preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and during a long-term follow-up using statistical software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall length ratio of the healthy and affected sides of the vermillion preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and during the long-term follow-up was 1:1.61, 1:1.01, and 1:1.00, respectively (all,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The overall angle between the pupil line and the commissure line was 9.90\u00b0 preoperatively, 2.34\u00b0 postoperatively, and 3.31\u00b0 during the long-term follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in the covering relation of the upper and lower lips between the affected and healthy sides postoperatively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). 3dMD Dynamic Surface Imaging System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA) showed a symmetrical three-dimensional commissure structure during long-term follow-up measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The symmetry and appearance of patients with macrostomia commissure significantly improved following this modified surgical method.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Anatomic approximation approach to correction of transverse facial clefts. 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