{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:41:28Z","timestamp":1777642888759,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative rhinoplasty infection can lead to serious cosmetic deformity, loss of structural integrity to the nose, and functional deficiencies. Understanding the factors contributing to postoperative infection is important. Microbial biofilms and persister cells play an important role in health care-associated infections. The objective of this study is to identify microbial biofilm and persister cells in the nasal soft tissue of patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen patients undergoing rhinoplasty were recruited for this study. Nasal soft tissue was removed during rhinoplasty and preserved in 2% paraformaldehyde\/2.5% glutaraldehyde. High-resolution images were then obtained from these nasal soft tissue samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three samples were positive for the presence of microbial persister cells or biofilms. All samples came from patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty. These patients had between one to six previous rhinoplasty procedures and one patient had previous injectable nasal filler.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofilms and persister cells are able to form in nasal soft tissue of revision rhinoplasty patients in the absence of an implant and may contribute to increased postoperative infection risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T13:29:36Z","timestamp":1655731776000},"page":"233-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evidence of Biofilm and Persister Cell Formation in Revision Rhinoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Katherine","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Faddis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Chole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Facial Restoration, Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2018 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. 2018. www.PlasticSurgery.org Accessed June22 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966304"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31821b631f"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(03)00209-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31598-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"The role of antibiotics in rhinoplasty and septoplasty: a literature review","volume":"46","author":"Georgiou I","year":"2008","unstructured":"Georgiou I, , Farber N, , Mendes D, , Winkler E. 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