{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:34:19Z","timestamp":1790865259754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Development of the craniofacial skeleton and different mechanisms of injury warrant different treatment paradigms for younger children versus those at skeletal maturity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the mechanism, fracture patterns, and management of mandible fractures across the pediatric age spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10-year retrospective review of &lt;18-year-old children with mandible fractures at a level 1 trauma center. Characteristics were compared by age subgroup analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 220 patients meeting inclusion criteria, motor vehicle collision (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200953, 40.8%), falls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948, 36.9%), and assault (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919, 14.6%) were the most common mechanisms with more falls in younger children and more injury by assault in teenagers. Condylar fractures were most common in the 0- to &lt;9-year-old children (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927, 38.4%); angle\/ramus fractures (56, 62.6%) were most common in 15- to &lt;18-year-old children (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Nonsurgical management was associated with younger age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Fourteen of 125 patients (8.0%) undergoing surgical intervention experienced complications. Being uninsured was associated with shorter median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.6 (1.4\u201310.7) weeks, compared with private [11.9 (4.3\u201349.0) weeks] and public insurance [11.7 (3.7\u2013218.0) weeks] (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mechanism, fracture sites, and treatment differed by age with the youngest frequently managed nonoperatively and teenagers treated with adult algorithms. Complications were rare overall within 6\u201312 weeks after injury, with or without surgical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T09:35:02Z","timestamp":1658309702000},"page":"375-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pediatric Mandible Fractures: Mechanism, Pattern of Injury, Fracture Characteristics, and Management by Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5957-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan V.","family":"Morisada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8658-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis T.","family":"Tollefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mena","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung Yen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Funamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199706000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318194fdab"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200405000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197610000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387521991738"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2020.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198708000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005245"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"292","article-title":"Different patterns of mandibular fractures in children","volume":"20","author":"Thor\u00e9n H","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thor\u00e9n H, , Iizuka T, , Hallikainen D, , Lindqvist C. Different patterns of mandibular fractures in children. An analysis of 220 fractures in 157 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg., 1992; 20(7):292\u2013296.","journal-title":"An analysis of 220 fractures in 157 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1272901"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199401000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199907000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283169321"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1836"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","first-page":"963","volume-title":"Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","author":"Funamura JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funamura JL, , Tollefson TT. Pediatric facial trauma. In: Sataloff RT, ed. Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Vol 3. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016:963\u2013976."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520962276"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0409"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000722"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:24:36Z","timestamp":1777443876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-3614","2689-3622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-3614","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-3622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}}}