{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:44:33Z","timestamp":1777643073331,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injuries are common in mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions. However, the risk factors for facial injury have not been delineated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identify the facial injuries and associated risk factors of professional MMA fights.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Nevada State Athletic Commission medical injury reports from all professional Ultimate Fighting Championship bouts from 2010 to 2020 was reviewed. Fighter characteristics, details of the competition, and injuries sustained were collected. Binary logistic regressions determined significant predictors of facial injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1462 fighters were included. Most participants were male (91.0%) with mean age of 29.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 years. Most fights took place between 135 and 185 lbs., lasted \u22653 rounds (59.4%), and resulted in judges' decision (50.5%) or knockout (31.2%). The facial injury rate was 15.8%, which were predominantly lacerations (12.0%) and fractures (3.6%). Multivariate regression revealed being male (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), heavier weight (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), more rounds fought (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019), losing (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and nonsubmission outcome (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) predicted facial injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial injuries are common in MMA fighting. The risks should be iterated to participants in this sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:58:22Z","timestamp":1669107502000},"page":"332-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics of Facial Trauma in Professional Mixed Martial Arts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha Z.","family":"Shipchandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alhasan N.","family":"Elghouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113518492"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Determining the prevalence and assessing the severity of injuries in mixed martial arts athletes","volume":"4","author":"Rainey CE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rainey CE. 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