{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:53:25Z","timestamp":1790009605342,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoglossal-facial nerve (12-7) anastomosis can restore symmetry and voluntary movement on the face in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Traditional 12-7 transfer includes direct end-to-end nerve anastomosis, sacrificing the entire hypoglossal nerve. Contemporary, end-to-side anastomosis, or split anastomosis techniques limit tongue morbidity by preserving some hypoglossal nerve. Direct outcome comparisons between these techniques are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare reported outcomes of facial movement, tongue, speech, and swallow outcomes among the different types of hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis schemes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Review:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive strategy was designed to search PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database from inception to January 2021, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, reporting guideline yielding 383 results. Any participant who underwent 12-7 transfer using any of the three techniques, with or without an interposition graft, and had documented preoperative and postoperative evaluation of facial nerve function with a validated instrument such as House\u2013Brackmann (HB), was considered for inclusion. Secondary outcomes of synkinesis, tongue atrophy, and speech or swallowing dysfunction were also compared. Forty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, representing data from 961 total patients who underwent 12-7 transfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of good HB outcomes (HB I\u2013III) did not differ by anastomosis type: End-to-side and end-to-end anastomosis (73% vs. 59%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07), split and end-to-end anastomosis (62% vs. 59%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.88), and end-to-side anastomosis and split anastomosis (73% vs. 62%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46). There was no difference in reported synkinesis rates between the anastomosis types. However, end-to-side anastomosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.55,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and split anastomosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.58,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) developed less tongue atrophy than end-to-end anastomosis. End-to-side anastomosis had less speech\/swallowing dysfunction than end-to-end anastomosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>End-to-side and split anastomoses result in similar HB facial nerve outcomes as the traditional end-to-end 12-7 anastomosis. End-to-side anastomosis has decreased complications of tongue atrophy and speech\/swallow dysfunction compared to end-to-end anastomosis. In addition, split anastomosis has decreased rates of tongue atrophy compared to end-to-end anastomosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T10:34:06Z","timestamp":1703759646000},"page":"219-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hypoglossal Nerve Transfer for Facial Nerve Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama A.","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke K.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annesha","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Oyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Psychosoziale Probleme und Krankheitsverarbeitung von Patienten mit Defektheilung nach Fazialisparese [Psychosocial problems and coping with illness by patients with defective healing after facial paralysis]","volume":"41","author":"Kiese-Himmel C","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kiese-Himmel C, , Laskawi R, , Wrede S. 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