{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:33:54Z","timestamp":1789140834403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective measurement of where observers direct their attention to faces when searching for signs of facial plastic surgery (FPS) is currently lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare where laypersons direct their attention on facial photographs using eye-tracking software when they are asked to (1) search for signs of aesthetic facial surgery or (2) allowed to gaze without direction (free-gaze).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Na\u00efve observers either free-gazed or examined faces for signs of FPS (FPS-prompted) for 10\u2009s per face while their gaze was recorded by an eye-tracking system. Faces had no known history or signs\/stigmata of FPS and were selected from the FACES and CFD databases with a diverse demographic distribution. Gaze times in nine facial subregions were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In FPS-prompted observers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950, mean age 32.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3 years, 23\/50 (46%) female), the nose, mouth, cheeks, and forehead experienced the most substantial increases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a high percentage of overall gaze time (17.9%, 12.5%, 12.0%, 9.6%, respectively) compared to free-gazing observers [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200957, 35.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9 years, 31\/57 (54%) female].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observers direct attention differently on a face when searching for signs of plastic surgery with increased attention on the nose, mouth, cheeks, and forehead.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T09:29:20Z","timestamp":1711445360000},"page":"532-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Searching for Signs of Plastic Surgery on the Face: Tracking the Eyes of Where Observers Look"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Forrest W.","family":"Fearington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Pumford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob K.","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons Report of the 2010 Plastic Surgery Statistics. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Arlington Heights: IL; 2011. https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org Accessed June1 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2019 National Plastic Surgery Statistics. Arlington Heights: IL; 2020. https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org Accessed June1 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257145"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S296970"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","unstructured":"American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . As Americans return to the office AA FPRS unveils aesthetic trends from annual facial plastic surgery survey. Washington DC; 2023. https:\/\/www.aafprs.org\/Media\/Press_Releases\/New-Trends-in-Facial-Plastic-Surgery Accessed June1 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac043"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz328"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003435"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac251"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28890"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24262"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a1ea8a"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24801"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25130"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25324"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.0483"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.0817"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1630"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.2402"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0715"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0361"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2019.29001.lia"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318166dd2a"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002763"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.24335"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001970"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0532-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.627678"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.1.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0587"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00038-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2022.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005700"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2022.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002387"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2357"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003702"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T21:10:17Z","timestamp":1781557817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-3614","2689-3622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-3614","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-3622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]}}}