{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T21:53:25Z","timestamp":1781560405635,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Patients may be educated about facial fractures using two-dimensional computed tomography (2DCT); however, three-dimensional mixed reality (3DMR) goggles may improve patient education by delivering content in an immersive environment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the effectiveness of 2DCT and 3DMR formats used for patient education on facial fractures, as measured by surveys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, video tutorials intended for facial fracture informed consent were created in 2DCT and 3DMR formats from a single CT data set of a zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200925) viewed the 2DCT tutorial, answered self-assessment and information recall surveys, viewed the 3DMR tutorial, repeated the prior surveys as well as a comparison survey. Group 2 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200925) followed the same sequence but viewed the 3DMR tutorial and then the 2DCT tutorial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200950) had no differences in age (group 1\u201451.9 years\/standard deviation [SD] 20.9; group 2\u201444.7 years\/SD 17.6 years;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.223), gender (group 1\u201410 male\/15 female; group 2\u201411 male\/14 female;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.999), college education level (group 1\u201425 yes; group 2\u201425 yes;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.844), or prior 2DCT or 3DMR experience (group 1\u20149 yes\/16 no; group 2\u201413 yes\/12 no;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.393). The 3DMR format was preferred over 2DCT (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), and it was reported to enhance understanding as compared to 2DCT (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). No differences for information recall were noted (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.753).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In this study, participants preferred 3DMR goggles over 2DCT for a simulated ZMC fracture-informed consent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T09:29:20Z","timestamp":1711445360000},"page":"646-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluating Mixed Reality as a Tool for Patient Education of Facial Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela A.","family":"Colback","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis-School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Velazquez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis-School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Agarrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis-School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1069-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renuka","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Brandon","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioEngineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Machelle","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2867-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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