{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:10:15Z","timestamp":1791688215722,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT and Google Bard\u2122 are popular artificial intelligence chatbots with utility for patients, including those undergoing aesthetic facial plastic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the accuracy and readability of chatbot-generated responses to patient education questions regarding aesthetic facial plastic surgery using a response accuracy scale and readability testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT and Google Bard\u2122 were asked 28 identical questions using four prompts: none, patient friendly, eighth-grade level, and references. Accuracy was assessed using Global Quality Scale (range: 1\u20135). Flesch-Kincaid grade level was calculated, and chatbot-provided references were analyzed for veracity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although 59.8% of responses were good quality (Global Quality Scale \u22654), ChatGPT generated more accurate responses than Google Bard\u2122 on patient-friendly prompting (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Google Bard\u2122 responses were of a significantly lower grade level than ChatGPT for all prompts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Despite eighth-grade prompting, response grade level for both chatbots was high: ChatGPT (10.5 \u00b1 1.8) and Google Bard\u2122 (9.6 \u00b1 1.3). Prompting for references yielded 108\/108 of chatbot-generated references. Forty-one (38.0%) citations were legitimate. Twenty (18.5%) provided accurately reported information from the reference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although ChatGPT produced more accurate responses and at a higher education level than Google Bard\u2122, both chatbots provided responses above recommended grade levels for patients and failed to provide accurate references.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T05:06:08Z","timestamp":1719810368000},"page":"665-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chatbots as Patient Education Resources for Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery: Evaluation of ChatGPT and Google Bard Responses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4178-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie E.","family":"Moroco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard E.","family":"Estephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Krein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Heffelfinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy132"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204010-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2010.0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919874074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSN.0000000000000311"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373521998847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175320"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6679512"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"887","article-title":"ChatGPT utility in healthcare education, research, and practice: Systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns","volume":"11","author":"Sallam M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sallam M. 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