{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:06:16Z","timestamp":1790683576522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies suggest that mood disorders may affect perception of facial synkinesis, though none have analyzed effects on perceived benefit from chemodenervation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure the effect of depression, appearance anxiety, and other variables on chemodenervation benefit among patients with post-paralytic facial synkinesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design Type:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients volunteered and completed: Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES). Multivariate regression was used to analyze the effect of CES-D, FNAES, and demographics on pre- and post-chemodenervation SAQ and FaCE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 100 patients participated, 90% were female. Mean age was 56.4 (SD 12.3) years. The most common paralysis etiology was idiopathic (47%). Average synkinesis duration was 7.6 (6.2) years and treatment duration 4.9 (4.8) years. Older age and prior treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) were associated with reduced SAQ improvement; worse CES-D approached significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.09). Reported history of anxiety was associated with greater SAQ improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). Factors associated with reduced FaCE improvement included higher baseline CES-D and prior treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older age, worse depression scores, and prior treatments may be associated with reduced patient-graded improvement following chemodenervation. History of anxiety may be associated with greater improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2024.0119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T04:50:33Z","timestamp":1727326233000},"page":"217-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Association of Mental Health Disorders with the Effectiveness of Treating Facial Synkinesis with Chemodenervation Using Botulinum Toxin A"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Longino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole G.","family":"Desisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naweed I.","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5850-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyesh N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9889-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiayin F.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181d8d84d"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000008154"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001802"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199612000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.2.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211004169"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01870-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001908"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29526"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.4559"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13322"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0082"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01293.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0291"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180412460"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200103000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","volume-title":"Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES) [Database record]","author":"Lundgren JD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lundgren JD, , Anderson DA, , Thompson JK. 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