{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1788931701830,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melasma is a chronic skin pigmentation disorder, and intradermal injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) is an effective treatment option for melasma with limited comparative efficacy studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness of TXA injections with other treatment modalities for patients with melasma, as measured by Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 17 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The MASI and the modified MASI served as the primary outcome measures of treatment effectiveness. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the various administration routes for TXA, intradermal injection and microneedling demonstrated superior effectiveness, followed by oral administration and topical application. As for patient satisfaction, oral administration outperformed the injection method, whereas topical administration significantly underperformed injection. Furthermore, TXA injections were more effective than the majority of non-TXA standard treatments for melasma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis and systematic review suggested that intradermal TXA injection is an effective alternative for melasma treatment, with potential advantages over other administration routes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2024.0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T03:44:32Z","timestamp":1732247072000},"page":"305-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intradermal Injection of Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Adult Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ling-Ya","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-No","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanh Dinh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor\u2019s University, Selangor, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1595-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiehfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962009000600008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12404"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"388","article-title":"Incidence of common dermatoses in a predominantly black dermatologic practice","volume":"32","author":"Halder RM","year":"1983","unstructured":"Halder RM, , Grimes PE, , McLaurin CI, et al. Incidence of common dermatoses in a predominantly black dermatologic practice. 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S.J Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023), ed. (T.JHigginsJPT, , Chandler J, , Cumpston M, , Li T, , Page MJ, , Welch VA eds). Cochrane, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02217-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14496"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13164"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15632"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15580"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Study evaluating the efficacy of topical and injected tranexamic acid in treatment of Melasma","volume":"1","author":"Steiner D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steiner D, et al. Study evaluating the efficacy of topical and injected tranexamic acid in treatment of Melasma. Surg Cosme Dermatol., 2009; 1:174\u2013177.","journal-title":"Surg Cosme Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13575"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23032"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8350317"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Intradermal injection of 100mg tranexamic acid versus topical 4% hydroquinone for the treatment of Melasma: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Pazyar N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pazyar N, , Dezfuly MB, , Hadibarhaghtalab M, et al. Intradermal injection of 100mg tranexamic acid versus topical 4% hydroquinone for the treatment of Melasma: A randomized, controlled trial. 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