{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:46:07Z","timestamp":1782341167441,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery &amp; Aesthetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media posts of patients before and after facelifts have grown in popularity, with platforms such as Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) allowing surgeons to showcase their work, which may impact patient expectations and physician ethics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare image quality and discrepancies between social media before-and-after photosets of patients who underwent facelift surgery, as measured by size, rotation, brightness, and other characteristics in an image review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A query of Instagram posts tagged \u201c#faceliftbeforeandafter\u201d was screened to identify 567 posts featuring side-by-side pre- and postoperative images meeting inclusion criteria. Data on image backgrounds, makeup differences, geographic region, and time since surgery were recorded. Face size, rotation, and brightness were objectively compared between pre- and postoperative photos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the analyzed posts, 66.3% featured smaller postoperative faces (mean decrease of 3.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and 73.7% of postoperative photos displayed upward facial rotation. Significant deviations in size and rotation (\u226510%) were observed in 15.2% and 10.5% of posts, respectively. Brightness increases \u226510% were noted in 36.9% of postoperative posts. Inconsistent image backgrounds and makeup differences were present in 22.5% of photosets. 85.7% of surgeons posting were based in the United States, and 21.2% of posts occurred within three months after the facelift.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights that only 25% of posts were of high quality, revealing substantial inconsistencies in Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) facelift before-and-after posts with discrepancies that exaggerate improved postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2025.0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T04:38:44Z","timestamp":1747024724000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Facelift Photo Quality on Social Media: Prevalence of Potentially Misleading Before-and-After Images"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitesh P.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1375-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shervin","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8333-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William E.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5655-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Neptune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9840-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita B.","family":"Sethna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-8178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"2023 Plastic Surgery Statistics. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Available from: https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/documents\/News\/Statistics\/2020\/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2020.pdf [Last accessed: August20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2019.0328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051221138762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Rodriguez S. Instagram Surpasses 2 Billion Monthly Users While Powering through a Year of Turmoil. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/12\/14\/instagram-surpasses-2-billion-monthly-users.html [Last accessed: August20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojad004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01961-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/23163.9200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010143"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Clinical photography: A guide for the clinician","volume":"49","author":"Nayler JR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nayler JR. 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