{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:26:38Z","timestamp":1791311198835,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Games for Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    It is unclear whether virtual reality (VR)-based exercise can improve physical fitness in people with intellectual disability (ID). This systematic review therefore aimed to synthesize existing evidence regarding the efficacy of VR-based exercise on physical fitness in people with ID. Eligible articles were searched through six major electronic databases from inception until August 15, 2022. Returned studies were screened through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from the included studies were then extracted and synthesized. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included and 12 of them were found to have good research quality. Different physical fitness outcomes were evaluated: (1) muscular fitness (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05\u20132.12; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20095\/6), (2) cardiorespiratory fitness (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.12\u20130.67; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20095\/5), (3) flexibility (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.81; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20091\/2), (4) body composition (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20092\/3), (5) balance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.23\u20131.65; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20096\/7), (6) coordination (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.19\u20130.48; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20092\/3), (7) speed and agility (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.13\u20130.46; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20094\/4), and (8) overall motor proficiency (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02\u20131.08; proportion of effect\u2009=\u20091\/3). While there was some preliminary evidence showing that VR-based exercise could improve muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and speed and agility in individuals with ID, other outcomes showed less conclusive or limited positive evidence. Overall, additional studies are needed to understand the benefits of VR-based exercise on physical fitness in people with ID.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2022.0168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T12:43:26Z","timestamp":1675082606000},"page":"89-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Exercise on Physical Fitness in People with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education &amp; Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Adapted Physical Activity + Laboratory, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education &amp; Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Adapted Physical Activity + Laboratory, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy H.P.","family":"Sit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education &amp; Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Adapted Physical Activity + Laboratory, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110410-132512"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00067-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-126.6.439"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","volume-title":"Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"Magcalemacandog D","unstructured":"Magcalemacandog D, , Menz K, , Rocamora P, et al. 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