{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:13:34Z","timestamp":1780539214605,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nonsyndromic cleft lip with\/without cleft palate (nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P) is one of the most common birth defects of complex etiology, occurring in \u223c1\/700 live births worldwide. A series of epidemiological studies were conducted to investigate the association between a transforming growth factor alpha (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TGF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) polymorphism and nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TGF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HinfI<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms and nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P in Turkish patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fifty-five Turkish subjects were enrolled: 70 nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P patients and 85 unrelated control individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes, and molecular analysis of gene polymorphisms was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found significant difference between the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TGF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HinfI<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele frequencies of the controls and: 1) the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029,); 2) the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (nsCL\u2009+\u2009P) cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024; and 3) the occurrence of both nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009nsCLP cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0365). The association between age of parents, gender, maternal exposures, socioeconomic status and clefts was assessed in each group separately.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study indicates that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TGF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HinfI<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphism might be associated with nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P susceptibility, thus contributing to the occurrence of nsCL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P in Turkish patients. The relatively small sample size of our study is one limitation of our study, and future research with larger specimen sets from different ethnicities will be required to validate our findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2018.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1536159631000},"page":"568-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>TGF\u03b1<\/i>\n                    \/\n                    <i>HinfI<\/i>\n                    Polymorphisms Contribute to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Turkish Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ebru","family":"Derelli Tufekci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cankiri Karatekin University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhan","family":"Ozdiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse Tuba","family":"Altug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Sancak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orhan","family":"Ozdiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakki","family":"Tastan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Association of genetic variation of the transforming growth factor-alpha gene with cleft lip and palate","volume":"45","author":"Ardinger HH","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ardinger HH, , Buetow KH, , Bell GI, et al. 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