{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:44:43Z","timestamp":1777661083389,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothermia and frostbite occur when there is a significant decrease in central and peripheral body temperature in individuals exposed to cold windy conditions, often at high altitude or in a mountain environment. Portable hyperbaric chambers increase the barometric pressure and thereby the partial pressure of oxygen inside the chamber, and their use is a well-known treatment for altitude illness. This study aims to show that a portable hyperbaric chamber could also be used to treat hypothermia and frostbite in the field, when rescue or descent is impossible or delayed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a European research program (SOS-MAM, Flow Pulse study) measurements were taken from 27 healthy nonacclimatized voluntary subjects (21 men, 6 women, mean age 41\u2009\u00b1\u200917) at an altitude of 3800\u2009m (Chamonix Mountain Lab, Aiguille du Midi, France) right before and immediately after spending 1 hour in a portable hyperbaric chamber at 300 mbar. We measured digital cutaneous temperature (Tcut), digital cutaneous blood flow (Fcut), digital tissue oxygenation (T\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      PO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), blood oxygen saturation (S\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), heart rate, and core temperature. Air temperature inside the chamber (Tchamb) was measured throughout the whole session.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed significant increases in Tchamb: 9.3\u00b0C compared with the outside temperature, Tcut: +7.5\u00b0C (\u00b16.2\u00b0C 71%), Fcut: +58\n                      <jats:sub>PU<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u00b189) (+379%), T\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      PO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      : +18\u2009mmHg (\u00b111.9) (304%), and S\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 13%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that a portable hyperbaric chamber can be used to treat frostbite and\/or hypothermia in the field at altitude when descent or rescue is impossible or even simply delayed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2018.0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T20:20:27Z","timestamp":1546892427000},"page":"56-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of a 300 mBar Increase in Barometric Pressure on Digital Microcirculation in Healthy Subjects Exposed to High Altitude: Is the Use of a Portable Hyperbaric Chamber to Treat Frostbite and\/or Hypothermia in the Field Indicated? (Flow_Pulse Study)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yann","family":"Savina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Zellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."},{"name":"M\u00e9decine Vasculaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve, Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Piris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Cauchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFREMMONT (Institut de Formation et de Recherche en M\u00e9decine de Montagne) H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, H\u00f4pital de Chamonix, Chamonix, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6885.1098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2015.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15270290050502390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610220069012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.6.9803071","article-title":"Response to cooling temperature in infants born at an altitude of 4,330 meters","volume":"158","author":"Frappell PB","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frappell PB, , Leon-Velarde F, , Aguero L, , and Mortola JP. (1998). Response to cooling temperature in infants born at an altitude of 4,330 meters. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158:1751\u20131756.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.99709","article-title":"Using thrombolytics in frostbite injury","volume":"5","author":"Gross EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gross EA, , and Moore JC. (2012). Using thrombolytics in frostbite injury. J Emerg Trauma Shock, 5:267\u2013271.","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-3-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4224.869","article-title":"Observations on some normal and injurious effects of cold upon the skin and underlying tissues: III. 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