{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T18:47:34Z","timestamp":1781808454969,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the time needed for one or two companion rescuers to access, extricate, and deliver cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a fully buried manikin during a simulated avalanche burial scenario.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, single-blinded study, 18 medical students were required to extricate a manikin manually from a simulated avalanche burial of 1\u2009m in depth, either alone or in teams of two. Each participant performed three consecutive tests with the manikin in three different positions in random order.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median time to first manikin contact was 2.5 minutes, median time to airway access 7.2 minutes, and median time to standard position for CPR 10.1 minutes. Overall, the number of rescuers (one compared to two rescuers, 10.5 minutes vs. 9.3 minutes;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.686) and the burial position of the manikin (10.8 minutes vs. 10.6 minutes vs. 8.8 minutes;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.428) had no influence on extrication times. Preexisting training (6.1 minutes vs. 11.0 minutes\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and a learning effect obtained during the experiments (12.4 minutes the first test vs. 9.3 in the third test;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) improved all extrication times.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It takes an average of 7 minutes after location of a simulated avalanche victim, buried at a depth of 1\u2009m, to free the airway, plus a further 3 minutes to initiate CPR in standard supine position. This is more than two-thirds of the 15 minutes considered necessary for successful companion avalanche rescue. Even minimal training significantly reduced extrication times. These findings emphasize the importance of regular practice in specific extrication techniques that should be part of any training in avalanche companion rescue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2019.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T10:54:15Z","timestamp":1562064855000},"page":"245-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Extrication Times During Avalanche Companion Rescue: A Randomized Single-Blinded Manikin Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wallner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinic Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."},{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Moroder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital Brixen, Brixen, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinic Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinic Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Erhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Hall in Tirol, Hall in Tirol, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Bachler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinic Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Putzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinic Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Strapazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2017.0143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(01)00383-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-LE-235.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(03)00113-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"522","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","author":"Edgerly B","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edgerly B, , and Atkins D. 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