{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:49:50Z","timestamp":1777661390852,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Broadhead Geoffrey K., Henry E. Wiley, David Peprah, Kenneth Olumba, and Alisa T. Thavikulwat. Proliferative retinopathy associated with repeated high-altitude exposure in a patient with sickle cell trait.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">High Alt Med Biol<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 23:369\u2013371, 2022.\u2014Sickle cell trait (SCT), a carrier state characterized by one normal copy of the beta-globin gene (producing hemoglobin A) and one abnormal variant (producing hemoglobin S), is typically asymptomatic and very low risk for manifestations of hemoglobinopathy, including development of retinopathy. Reported cases of proliferative retinopathy in patients with SCT have occurred in the context of concurrent ocular or systemic disease. We report a case of an otherwise healthy patient with SCT who developed proliferative retinopathy requiring surgical intervention in the setting of significant exposure to high altitude through increased work hours as a flight attendant in the month leading to her presentation. Significant high-altitude exposure may contribute to development of retinopathy in patients with sickle trait. Practitioners should consider the possibility of sickle cell retinopathy in patients with sickle trait in these circumstances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2022.0070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T13:08:55Z","timestamp":1672232935000},"page":"369-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proliferative Retinopathy Associated with Repeated High-Altitude Exposure in a Patient with Sickle Cell Trait"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1351-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Broadhead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry E.","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peprah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Olumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mid Atlantic Kaiser Permanente, Lutherville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa T.","family":"Thavikulwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04294-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2021.0038","article-title":"Clinician's corner: Anemia at altitude\u2014Sickle cell disease, and other inherited anemias","volume":"22","author":"DeLoughery TG.","year":"2021","unstructured":"DeLoughery TG. Clinician's corner: Anemia at altitude\u2014Sickle cell disease, and other inherited anemias. High Alt Med Biol, 2021; 22:113\u2013118.","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)90429-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"9815","article-title":"Splenic infarct secondary to high altitude exposure in sickle cell trait patients: A case series","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonzalez L, , Shapiro AF, , Tafur A, et al. Splenic infarct secondary to high altitude exposure in sickle cell trait patients: A case series. Cureus, 2020; 12:e9815.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1995.145","article-title":"Sickle retinopathy in patients with sickle trait","volume":"9","author":"Jackson H","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jackson H, , Bentley CR, , Hingorani M, et al. Sickle retinopathy in patients with sickle trait. Eye (Lond), 1995; 9:589\u2013593.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1977.03630150035011","article-title":"Proliferative retinopathy in sickle cell trait: Report of seven cases","volume":"137","author":"Nagpal KC","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nagpal KC, , Asdourian GK, , Patrianakos D, et al. Proliferative retinopathy in sickle cell trait: Report of seven cases. Arch Intern Med, 1977; 137:325\u2013328.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(03)80008-X","article-title":"Retinopathy in sickle cell trait: Does it exist?","volume":"38","author":"Nia J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nia J, , Lam WC, , Kleinman DM, et al. Retinopathy in sickle cell trait: Does it exist?. Can J Ophthalmol, 2003; 38:46\u201351.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.31053\/1853.0605.v77.n4.25077","article-title":"Sickle cell trait: A cause of abdominal pain and pulmonary embolism","volume":"77","author":"Saad EJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saad EJ, , Barra AT, , Monzoni G, et al. Sickle cell trait: A cause of abdominal pain and pulmonary embolism. 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