{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:06:42Z","timestamp":1777666002111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Equity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hispanics\/Latinos in the United States bear higher burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated complications compared with the general population. Health insurance coverage is also lower in this population. We examined the association of health insurance with biological and psychosocial determinants of cardiometabolic risk among U.S. Mexican-origin Hispanic\/Latino adults with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were self-reported Hispanic\/Latino adults with T2D diagnosis. Trained bilingual community health workers collected cross-sectional information on biological and psychosocial factors using clinical examinations, laboratory tests, validated questionnaires, and wearable activity monitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and seven Hispanic\/Latino adults (54\u00b112 years, 65% female, 36% prescribed insulin, 60% uninsured) with T2D were enrolled. While 93% had low language-based acculturation, 88% had high health literacy in Spanish. Forty percent were food insecure and 47% expressed at least one social need. Overall, 35% had an HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;7.0% (indicating good control) and 31% had an HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt;9.0%. Sixty-three percent had blood pressure within target (&lt;130\/80\u2009mmHg), and overall participants were moderately physically active. However, 53% were obese (body mass index \u226530\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and 76% had a waist measurement defined as high risk (&gt;88\u2009cm for women and &gt;102\u2009cm for men). Participants without health insurance were younger (51.9\u00b110.4 vs. 58.8\u00b110.5 years mean\u00b1standard deviation,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0008) but had higher HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      (8.4\u00b12.2% vs. 7.6\u00b11.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.031) and fasting glucose (184.9\u00b186.5 vs. 148.6\u00b161.2\u2009mg\/dl,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.008) levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Health insurance status appears to influence achieved glycemic control for U.S. Hispanic\/Latino adults with T2D. However, various psychosocial factors potentially influencing cardiometabolic risk independently of health insurance status may also be implicated in the inequitable burden of T2D.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      Identifier: NCT03736486.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2019.0119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T16:43:17Z","timestamp":1588610597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Insurance Status and Biological and Psychosocial Determinants of Cardiometabolic Risk Among Mexican-Origin U.S. Hispanic\/Latino Adults with Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Namino M.","family":"Glantz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessikah M.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy C.","family":"Bevier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Larez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charis B.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Barbara Actuaries, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-Term Trends in Health","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-Term Trends in Health. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9744-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0335-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00298"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3744-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0743-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Barnett JC Berchick ER. Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2016. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office Current Population Reports 2017 pp. 60\u2013260."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glantz N Duncan I Ahmed T et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the burden and cost of diabetes for US Medicare beneficiaries Health Equity. 2019; 3:1:211\u2013218.","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2019.0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8727(92)90058-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. QuickFacts. 2018. Available at www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/santabarbaracountycalifornia Accessed November15 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","volume-title":"Guide to Measuring Household Food Security, Revised 2000","author":"Bickel G","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bickel G, , Nord M, , Price C, et al. Guide to Measuring Household Food Security, Revised 2000. Alexandria VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","unstructured":"Health Leads. Health Leads screening toolkit. 2018. Available at www.healthleadsusa.org Accessed November17 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records. Phase 2","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records. Phase 2. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US), 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CMS quality strategy 2016. Available at www.cms.gov\/medicare\/quality-initiatives-patient-assessment-instruments\/qualityinitiativesgeninfo\/downloads\/cms-quality-strategy.pdf Accessed November17 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Brief Perceived Self-Assessment of Diabetes Management. Arlington VA: American Diabetes Association 2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29362-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(98)80198-3","article-title":"Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ): a new semi-structured Interview for sleep disorders","volume":"8","author":"Bobes J","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bobes J, , Gonz\u00e1lez MP, , Vallejo J, et al. Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ): a new semi-structured Interview for sleep disorders. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998; 8(Suppl 2):S162.","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Psychometric performance of the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire in patients with severe mental disorder","volume":"2","author":"Paz Garcia-Portilla M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paz Garcia-Portilla M, , Saiz PA, , Diaz-Mesa EM, et al. Psychometric performance of the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire in patients with severe mental disorder. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2009; 2:169\u2013177.","journal-title":"Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02124.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0739986314526697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01119.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102919844504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-832-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171765.OR"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-9921"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.27.4.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-737-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0923"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1000072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0317-0"}],"container-title":["Health Equity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/heq.2019.0119","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/heq.2019.0119","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/heq.2019.0119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:41:14Z","timestamp":1777448474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/heq.2019.0119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/heq.2019.0119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/heq.2019.0119","relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-1242","2473-1242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-1242","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-1242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"article-number":"heq.2019.0119"}}