{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:07:15Z","timestamp":1779192435381,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood products are critical to the success of both routine healthcare delivery and emergency response efforts. Ensuring the safety and availability of blood products presents nations with considerable collection, screening, and distribution challenges that are often exacerbated by public health crises, particularly mass-casualty events involving traumatic injuries. However, recent outbreaks of Ebola and Zika virus disease have also illustrated the importance of securing blood product supplies during ongoing infectious disease emergencies. The United States and other nations should consider enhancing existing mechanisms for sharing medical countermeasures by creating formal agreements for sharing blood products during public health emergencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2016.0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T16:58:33Z","timestamp":1487005113000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Strengthening Health Systems Through International Blood Product Sharing Agreements"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sanjana J.","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Geneva Switzerland: WHO; April. 2015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/selection_medicines\/committees\/expert\/20\/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_AUG2015.pdf?ua=1. Accessed March15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Sixty-third World Health Assembly. Availability safety and quality of blood products. Geneva Switzerland: WHO; May 21 . 2010. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA63\/A63_R12-en.pdf. Accessed March16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"What are medical countermeasures? Food & Drug Administration website. April 29 2016. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/EmergencyPreparedness\/Counterterrorism\/MedicalCountermeasures\/AboutMCMi\/ucm431268.htm. Accessed July11 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1304100104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","volume-title":"Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products: Logistical Concerns in Prepositioning Frozen Blood","author":"Manning F","year":"1996","unstructured":"Manning F, , Sparacino L, eds; Institute of Medicine; Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability. Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products: Logistical Concerns in Prepositioning Frozen Blood. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Food & Drug Administration. Blood & blood products. FDA website. March 10 . 2014. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/BloodBloodProducts\/. Accessed March18 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Emergencies preparedness response. GAR publications. 2016. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/en\/. Accessed March15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Resolutions relating to blood safety adopted by WHO governing bodies. Geneva Switzerland: WHO;. 2006. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bloodsafety\/BTS_ResolutionsAdopted.pdf. Accessed November22 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The blood cold chain: aide-m\u00e9moire for national blood programmes. Geneva Switzerland: WHO;. 2011. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bloodsafety\/processing\/who_eht_11_04_en.pdf?ua=1. Accessed June15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Screening Donated Blood for Transfusion-Transmissible Infections: Recommendations. Geneva Switzerland: WHO; 2009. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bloodsafety\/ScreeningTTI.pdf. Accessed March16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Promoting safe and sustainable national blood systems. 2010. http:\/\/www.ifrc.org\/PageFiles\/40636\/IFRC%20Policy%20on%20blood%20systems.pdf. Accessed March17 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health & Human Services. The 2011 National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey Report. Washington DC: HHS; 2011. http:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ash\/bloodsafety\/2011-nbcus.pdf. Accessed March16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"Heinrich J. Public Health: Maintaining an Adequate Blood Supply Is Key to Emergency Preparedness. Washington DC: GAO; 2002. http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/110\/109561.pdf. Accessed March18 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moh.0000180436.98990.ce"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"AABB. The AABB Blood Survey Report Part I. Bethesda MD: AABB; 2013. http:\/\/www.highroadsolution.com\/file_uploader2\/files\/aabb+blood+survey+part+i+final.pdf. Accessed May25 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"S129","article-title":"Predicting resource needs for multiple and mass casualty events in combat: lessons learned from combat support hospital experience in Operation Iraqi Freedom","volume":"66","author":"Beekley A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beekley A, , Martin M, , Spinella P, , Telian S, , Holcomb J. Predicting resource needs for multiple and mass casualty events in combat: lessons learned from combat support hospital experience in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Trauma, 2009; 66(4 Suppl):S129-S137.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Managing surge needs for injuries: blood bank response. http:\/\/www.bt.cdc.gov\/masscasualties\/pdf\/surge-blood-bank.pdf. Accessed March20 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00576.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.5107"},{"issue":"35","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"790","article-title":"Public health dispatch: West Nile virus infection in organ donor and transplant recipients\u2014Georgia and Florida, 2002","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health dispatch: West Nile virus infection in organ donor and transplant recipients\u2014Georgia and Florida, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2002; 51(35):790.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"AABB Interorganizational Task Force on Pandemic Influenza and the Blood Supply. Pandemic influenza planning: efforts to ensure a safe available blood supply. October 3 . 2006. http:\/\/www.state.nj.us\/health\/flu\/documents\/plan\/hlth_app_4_2.pdf. Accessed March21 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00006117"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200202213460813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.17.2246"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"WHO statement on the first meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. World Health Organization website. February 1 . 2016. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2016\/1st-emergency-committee-zika\/en\/. Accessed November22 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika virus disease in the United States 2015-2016. CDC website. March 15 . 2016. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/zika\/geo\/united-states.html. Accessed March16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"McNeil DGJr. Puerto Rico braces for its own Zika epidemic. New York Times March 19 . 2016. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/20\/health\/zika-virus-puerto-rico.html?smid=fb-nytimes &smtyp=cur. Accessed March22 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dengue in Puerto Rico. CDC website. December 14 . 2015. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dengue\/about\/inPuerto.html. Accessed March18 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","first-page":"67S","article-title":"Dengue viruses","volume":"49","author":"AABB","year":"2009","unstructured":"AABB. Dengue viruses. Transfusion, 2009; 49(Suppl 2):67S-69S.","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"FDA issues recommendations to reduce the risk for Zika virus blood transmission in the United States [press release]. FDA website. February 16 2016. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/ucm486359.htm. Accessed March24 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"Sternberg S. US takes to air to fight Zika. US News & World Report March 18 . 2016. http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/best-countries\/articles\/2016-03-18\/us-airlifting-blood-to-fight-zika-in-puerto-rico. Accessed March19 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health & Human Services. HHS ships blood products to Puerto Rico in response to Zika outbreak. HHS website. March 7 . 2016. http:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/news\/2016\/03\/07\/hhs-ships-blood-products-puerto-rico-response-zika-outbreak.html. Accessed March19 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","unstructured":"Lurie N. Examining the US public health response to the Zika virus. Washington DC. March 1 . 2016. http:\/\/docs.house.gov\/meetings\/IF\/IF02\/20160302\/104594\/HHRG-114-IF02-Wstate-LurieN-20160302.pdf. Accessed March29 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw089"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","unstructured":"Statement on the 1st meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. WHO website. August 8 . 2014. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2014\/ebola-20140808\/en\/. Accessed March31 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Situation report: Ebola virus disease. May 19 . 2016. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/206536\/1\/ebolasitrep_19May2016_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed May25 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","unstructured":"2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa\u2014case counts. CDC website. March 31 . 2016. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/outbreaks\/2014-west-africa\/case-counts.html. Accessed April1 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"Improved blood systems in Ebola-affected countries expected to be positive outcome. WHO website. April. 2015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/features\/2015\/blood-plasma-ebola-context\/en\/. Accessed March30 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Meeting on Developing Plans to Strengthen the Blood Systems in Ebola-Affected Countries. February 25-27 . 2015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/ebola-treatment\/strengthening_b_s_in_3countries_meeting_report.pdf. Accessed March29 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Use of Convalescent Whole Blood or Plasma Collected from Patients Recovered from Ebola Virus Disease for Transfusion as an Empirical Treatment During Outbreaks. September. 2014. http:\/\/www.searo.who.int\/entity\/emerging_diseases\/ebola\/who_his_sds_2014.8_eng.pdf. Accessed March31 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","unstructured":"Statement on the WHO Consultation on potential Ebola therapies and vaccines. WHO website. September 5 . 2014. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2014\/ebola-therapies-consultation\/en\/. Accessed April1 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","unstructured":"Giahyue J. Doctor calls for blood donations to treat Liberian Ebola victims. Reuters September 25 . 2014. http:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/uk-health-ebola-idUKKCN0HJ1ZY20140924. Accessed March28 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511812"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","unstructured":"Sendolo J. Liberia: \u201cpeople afraid of donated blood.\u201d All Africa November 24 . 2015. http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201511240891.html. Accessed March30 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015. Geneva Switzerland: WHO; 2015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/road_safety_status\/2015\/en\/. Accessed March30 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"Food & Drug Administration. Recommendations for assessment of blood donor suitability donor deferral and blood product management in response to Ebola virus. December. 2015. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/Blood\/UCM475072.pdf. Accessed March28 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"Joint statement regarding Ebola and the safety of the blood supply. AABB website. October 15 . 2014. http:\/\/www.aabb.org\/advocacy\/statements\/Pages\/statement141015.aspx. Accessed March29 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","unstructured":"Marinissen MJ. Briefing. Division of International Health Security. Office of Policy and Planning. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. US Department of Health & Human Services. Washington DC. June 28 . 2011. http:\/\/www.pbphpc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/06-28-2011-Canada-US-Collaboration-edit.pdf. Accessed June17 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Assessment Criteria for National Blood Regulatory Systems. Geneva Switzerland: WHO; 2012. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bloodproducts\/NationalBloodRegSystems.pdf. Accessed June17 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","unstructured":"Public Health Service Act. March 2013. http:\/\/legcounsel.house.gov\/Comps\/PHSA_CMD.pdf. Accessed June16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","unstructured":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Biological Weapons. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction. 1972 . 1975. http:\/\/www.opbw.org\/convention\/documents\/btwctext.pdf. Accessed June16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Health Regulations (2005). Geneva Switzerland: WHO;. 2005. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/43883\/1\/9789241580410_eng.pdf. Accessed June16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","unstructured":"United Nations. Identifying and addressing barriers to the emergency sharing of international public health and medical assistance. Undated. http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/80256EDD006B8954\/(httpAssets)\/F17AFE62C7D27E17C1257BB3004DE5D5\/$file\/US+Paper +3+-+Emergency+sharing.pdf. Accessed June16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","unstructured":"42 US Code \u00a7 247d\u20136b. Strategic National Stockpile and security countermeasure procurements. Cornell University Law School website. https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/42\/247d-6b. Accessed March20 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) Strategy and Implementation Plan. Washington DC: HHS; 2015. http:\/\/www.phe.gov\/Preparedness\/mcm\/phemce\/Documents\/2015-PHEMCE-SIP.pdf. Accessed March30 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency. International Assistance System Concept of Operations. Washington DC: FEMA; 2015. http:\/\/www.fema.gov\/media-library-data\/1444411200092-5b09869d53801ceb5640c00b2f337e64\/2015_IAS_CONOPS_Public_Version_Accessible.pdf. Accessed June16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","unstructured":"Ministerial statements. Global Health Security Initiative website. February 26 . 2016. http:\/\/www.ghsi.ca\/english\/statementWashington2016.asp. Accessed March22 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2014.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","unstructured":"The White House. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned. Washington DC; February 2006. http:\/\/library.stmarytx.edu\/acadlib\/edocs\/katrinawh.pdf. Accessed June13 2016."}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0039","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:34:29Z","timestamp":1779190469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hs.2016.0039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}}}