{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:16:56Z","timestamp":1783570616078,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of the Anthrax BioThreat Alert\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    test strip, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for the rapid detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores. The study, conducted at 2 sites, evaluated this assay for the detection of spores from the Ames and Sterne strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis,<\/jats:italic>\n                    as well as those from an additional 22 strains. Phylogenetic near neighbors, environmental background organisms, white powders, and environmental samples were also tested. The Anthrax LFA demonstrated a limit of detection of about 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    spores\/mL (ca. 1.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    spores\/assay). In this study, overall sensitivity of the LFA was 99.3%, and the specificity was 98.6%. The results indicated that the specificity, sensitivity, limit of detection, dynamic range, and repeatability of the assay support its use in the field for the purpose of qualitatively evaluating suspicious white powders and environmental samples for the presumptive presence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2016.0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T16:15:06Z","timestamp":1474647306000},"page":"351-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comprehensive Laboratory Evaluation of a Highly Specific Lateral Flow Assay for the Presumptive Identification of\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n                    Spores in Suspicious White Powders and Environmental Samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Ramage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin W.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"DePalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kodumudi S.","family":"Venkateswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruti","family":"Chivukula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shomik","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hoffmaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishanth","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinmayi","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Thirunavkkarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Estacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Stanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segaran P.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00161-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-607X(02)00100-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.6.2627-2630.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.05.013"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"The ecology of anthrax spores: tough but not invincible","volume":"36","author":"Dragon DC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dragon DC, , Rennie RP. The ecology of anthrax spores: tough but not invincible. Can Vet J, 1995; 36(5):295-301.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization","author":"Russell AD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Russell AD, , Hugo WB, , Ayliffe GAJ. Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. 3d ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science; 1999.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2004.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"Virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of Bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110\u2009Mda and 60Mda plasmids","volume":"132","author":"Uchida L","year":"1986","unstructured":"Uchida L, , Hashimoto K, , Terakado N. Virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of Bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110\u2009Mda and 60Mda plasmids. J Gen Microbiol, 1986; 132:557-559.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-196405000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2307-2309.2002"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"941","article-title":"Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2001; 50(43):941-948.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.01-0521"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2001; 50(45):1008-1010.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(99)01507-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0504.990418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6382-6389.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.020738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00302-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07792-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Detecting biothreat agents: the Laboratory Response Network","volume":"69","author":"Morse SA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morse SA, , Kellogg RB, , Perry S, et al. Detecting biothreat agents: the Laboratory Response Network. ASM News, 2003; 69:433-437.","journal-title":"ASM News"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/94.4.1352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. December 2009. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/biosafety\/publications\/bmbl5\/bmbl.pdf. Accessed August5 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"Evaluation of Detection Capability for Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline\u2014Second Edition","author":"CLSI","year":"2012","unstructured":"CLSI. Evaluation of Detection Capability for Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures; Approved Guideline\u2014Second Edition. CLSI document EP17-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Detection of spores of Bacillus anthracis from environment using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"41","author":"Alam SI","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alam SI, , Agarwal GS, , Kamboj DV, , Rai GP, , Singh L. Detection of spores of Bacillus anthracis from environment using polymerase chain reaction. Indian J Exp Biol, 2003; 41:177-180.","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.052522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01282-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060982b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.CS2012-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2030199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/03354ss02"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00458-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Detection of proteinous toxins using the BioThreat Alert system","volume":"22","author":"Iura K","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iura K, , Tsuge K, , Seto Y, , Sato A. Detection of proteinous toxins using the BioThreat Alert system. Japanese Journal of Forensic Toxicology, 2004; 22:13-16.","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3454-3455.2003"}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:32:11Z","timestamp":1779190331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hs.2016.0041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2016.0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}