{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:19:09Z","timestamp":1777681149952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The federal budgeting process affects a wide range of people who work in public health, including those who work for government at local, state, and federal levels; those who work with government; those who operate government-funded programs; and those who receive program services. However, many people who are affected by the federal budget are not aware of or do not understand how it is appropriated or executed. This commentary is intended to give non\u2013financial experts an overview of the federal budget process to address public health emergencies. Using CDC as an example, we provide: (1) a brief overview of the annual budget formulation and appropriation process; (2) a description of execution and implementation of the federal budget; and (3) an overview of emergency supplemental appropriations, using as examples the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak, and the 2016 Zika epidemic. Public health emergencies require rapid coordinated responses among Congress, government agencies, partners, and sometimes foreign, state, and local governments. It is important to have an understanding of the appropriation process, including supplemental appropriations that might come into play during public health emergencies, as well as the constraints under which Congress and federal agencies operate throughout the federal budget formulation process and execution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2017.0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T16:16:44Z","timestamp":1496420204000},"page":"307-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How Is CDC Funded to Respond to Public Health Emergencies? Federal Appropriations and Budget Execution Process for Non\u2013Financial Experts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Leah S.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Santibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Tollestrup J. The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction. CRS Report 97-684 February 23 2012. https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/97-684.pdf. Accessed April5 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Christensen M. The Executive Budget Process: An Overview. CRS Report R42633. https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42633.pdf. Accessed April5 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Funding: life cycle overview. CDC website. Updated September 29 2015. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/grants\/lifecycleoverview\/index.html. Accessed April5 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"United States Government Accountability Office. A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process (GAO-05-734SP). September 2005. http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d05734sp.pdf. Accessed April5 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Office of Management and Budget. Circular No. A\u201311. Preparation Submission and Execution of the Budget. https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/assets\/a11_current_year\/a11_2016.pdf. Accessed April18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"The White House Office of the Press Secretary. Letter from the President regarding H1N1. July 16 2009. https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/letter-president-regarding-h1n1. Accessed April18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act 2015 (H.R. 83) (Public Law 113\u2013235)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FY 2015-2019 Emergency Funding. Ebola Domestic Response\u2014$576M. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/budget\/documents\/ebola\/fy-2015-2019-ebola-factsheet-domestic.pdf. Accessed April18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act 2017 and Zika Response and Preparedness Act 2016 (H.R. 5325) (Public Law 114-223)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"Congressional Research Service. S. 196: Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act. https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/115\/s196\/text. Accessed February27 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Road to Zero: CDC's Response to the West African Ebola Epidemic 2014-2015. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/about\/pdf\/ebola\/ebola-photobook-070915.pdf. Accessed April18 2017."}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hs.2017.0009","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2017.0009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2017.0009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:39:08Z","timestamp":1777451948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hs.2017.0009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hs.2017.0009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2017.0009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]}}}