{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:08:49Z","timestamp":1788588529788,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurring outbreaks of infectious diseases have characterized the West African region in the past 4 decades. There is a moderate to high risk of yellow fever in countries in the region, and the disease has reemerged in Nigeria after 21 years. A full-scale simulation exercise of the outbreak of yellow fever was conducted to assess preparedness and response in the event of a full-scale outbreak. The exercise was a multi-agency exercise conducted in Lagos, and it involved health facilities, points of entry, state and national public health emergency operation centers, and laboratories. An evaluation of the exercise assessed the capability of the system to identify, respond to, and recover from the emergency using adapted WHO tools. The majority of participants, observers, and evaluators agreed that the exercise was well-structured and organized. Participants also strongly agreed that the exercise helped them to identify strengths and gaps in their understanding of the emergency response systems and plans. Overall, the exercise identified existing gaps in the current capabilities of several thematic areas involved in a yellow fever response. The evaluation presented an opportunity to assess the response capabilities of multisectoral collaborations in the national public health system. It also demonstrated the usefulness of the exercise in understanding public health officials' roles and responsibilities; enabling knowledge transfer among these individuals and organizations; and identifying specific public health systems-level strengths, weaknesses, and challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2019.0048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T09:04:42Z","timestamp":1576832682000},"page":"485-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Performance of the Public Health System During a Full-Scale Yellow Fever Simulation Exercise in Lagos State, Nigeria, in 2018: How Prepared Are We for the Next Outbreak?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Oyeladun Funmi","family":"Okunromade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgil K.","family":"Lokossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ike","family":"Anya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine Olajide","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Njidda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya O.","family":"Disu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood Muazu","family":"Dalhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. 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Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Mahmood Muazu Dalhat, FWACP, is in the Public Health Technical Depar..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shakir","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade, MBBS, MPH, is Assistant Director Surveillance\/IHR, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; Augustine Olajide Dada, MBBS, MPH, is in Technical Support, REDDISE Implementation; Yahya O. Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. 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Disu, MPH, is Assistant Director, Risk Communication Division, Department of Prevention Program and Knowledge Management; Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo, MSc, is Director, Surveillance, Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology; and Chikwe Ihekweazu, FFPH, is Director General; all in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Virgil K. Lokossou, MPH, MBA, is Head of Department, Health Emergency and Disaster Management Department, ECOWAS Regional Center for Disease Surveillance and Control, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ike Anya, FFPH, is Principal Consultant, Epic Africa and Health Watch, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. Ahmad M. Njidda, MBBS, is a Resident, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. 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Mapping the Risk and Distribution of Epidemics in the WHO African Region: a technical report. 2016. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/206560. 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