{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T13:19:12Z","timestamp":1782998352802,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Emergency preparedness systems plan for antibiotic distribution and vaccine administration to respond to public health threats. The arrival of a COVID-19 vaccine underscores the importance of organized logistics for rapid administration to populations. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cities Readiness Initiative encourages frontline responders from 72 US cities and metropolitan statistical areas to use planning software, such as RealOpt-POD-v8.0.2, to design dispensing operations and predict staffing needs. However, planning can be difficult for local jurisdictions given uncertainty about how long it may take to complete various processes during a dispensing operation, including assessment of countermeasure needs for each person (eg, based on age or pregnancy status) and the careful dispensing of countermeasures and accompanying education. The Union County Health Department in Ohio gathered data on the timing of typical processes for an anthrax medical countermeasures distribution site through a small-scale drill and used these data to parameterize a RealOpt model capable of serving the rural county's population of just over 50,000 people within 24 hours. Results help fill a gap in parameterizing RealOpt-based planning models by highlighting the use of a small-scale drill to inform time estimates, which can be applied to RealOpt as part of county-level planning in advance of larger-scale drills to evaluate dispensing capabilities and effectiveness. The findings provide a methodological basis of future resource typing for adaptable and scalable dispensing, particularly for rural areas. Both the approach and resulting antibiotics dispensing schematic presented here could be tailored to support planning for population-based countermeasure administration to combat emerging pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2021.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T16:57:41Z","timestamp":1633453061000},"page":"532-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["County-Level Planning for Efficient Distribution of Emergency Medical Countermeasures with RealOpt Software"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"P. Jacob Bueno","family":"de Mesquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD. Richard Roush, MBA, is the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator, Union County Health Department, Marysville, OH. Jinia Sarkar is a Consultant, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Roush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD. Richard Roush, MBA, is the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator, Union County Health Department, Marysville, OH. Jinia Sarkar is a Consultant, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinia","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD. Richard Roush, MBA, is the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator, Union County Health Department, Marysville, OH. Jinia Sarkar is a Consultant, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.03.009"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_1_3_2.1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Appendix 2: Cities Readiness Initiative technical assistance review scores by metropolitan statistical area and individual planning jurisdictions. In: Public Health Preparedness:. 2011 State-by-State Update on Laboratory Capabilities and Response Readiness Planning. Atlanta GA: CDC"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_1_3_2.2","unstructured":"2011. Accessed June17 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cpr\/pubs-links\/2011\/documents\/sept_update_report_9-13-2011-final-appendix2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Nelson C Chan CW Chandra A et al. Recommended Infrastructure Standards for Mass Antibiotic Dispensing. Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation; 2008. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/technical_reports\/2008\/RAND_TR553.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2007.tb08101.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Kim JK Sharman R Rao HR Upadhyaya S. An investigation of risk management issues in the context of emergency response systems. Paper presented at: 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems; August 11-14 2005; Omaha NE. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/amcis2005\/463"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2014.0080"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.2013.0676"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Capabilities: National Standards for State Local Tribal and Territorial Public Health. Washington DC: CDC; 2018 updated 2019. Accessed June17 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cpr\/readiness\/00_docs\/CDC_PreparednesResponseCapabilities_October2018_Final_508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. The 2010 Canterbury and 2011 Christchurch New Zealand Earthquakes and the 2011 Tohoku Japan Earthquake: Emerging Research Needs and Opportunities. Oakland CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; 2012. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/www.eeri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/JAPAN_NZ_RAPID_Workshop_Final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027298902237709"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200505"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2009.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. QuickFacts: Union County Ohio. Accessed June17 2021. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/unioncountyohio"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Inglesby T Ellis B. Division of Strategic National Stockpile (DSNS) Program Review: A Report from the Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC). Washington DC: Board of Scientific Counselors Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response; 2012. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cpr\/science\/documents\/dsns_program_review_workgroup_report_final2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.1090.0463"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.1060.0257"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Ojiere G. Using RealOpt-POD\u00a9 to Determine Staffing Capabilities During an Infectious Disease Emergency. Master's thesis. University of Pittsburgh; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-200507000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-200309000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12323"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218114"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa939"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Tan S. Drive-through vaccination effort a success in Amherst. Buffalo News. March 30 2009. Accessed June17 2021. https:\/\/www2.isye.gatech.edu\/medicalor\/Hepatitis.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2013.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Public Health Emergency. Behavioral health tips for responders: maintaining calm at a POD. Page last reviewed September 8 2020. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/www.phe.gov\/Preparedness\/planning\/abc\/Pages\/calm-pod.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3569"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Hamel L Kirzinger A Mu\u00f1ana C Brodie M. KFF COVID-19 vaccine monitor: December 2020. KFF. Published December 15 2020. Accessed June18 2021. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/report\/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-december-2020\/"}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:40:17Z","timestamp":1777452017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hs.2021.0026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}