{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:28:01Z","timestamp":1777681681898,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In February 2015, the US Department of Health and Human Services developed a tiered hospital network to deliver safe and effective care to patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) and other special pathogens. The tiered network consisted of regional special pathogen treatment centers, state- or jurisdiction-designated treatment centers, assessment hospitals able to safely isolate a patient until a diagnosis of EVD was confirmed and transfer the patient, and frontline healthcare facilities able to identify and isolate patients with EVD and facilitate transport to higher-tier facilities. The National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC) was established in tandem to support the development of healthcare facility special pathogen management capabilities. In August 2020, 20 hospitals that previously received an onsite readiness consultation by NETEC were surveyed to assess how special pathogen programs were leveraged for COVID-19 response. All surveyed facilities indicated their programs were leveraged for COVID-19 response in at least 1 of the following ways: NETEC-sponsored resources and training, utilization of patient isolation spaces, specially trained staff, and supplies. Personal protective equipment shortages were experienced by 95% of facilities, with 80% of facilities reporting that special pathogens program personal protective equipment was used to support facility response to COVID-19 admissions. More than half of facilities (63%) reported leveraging biocontainment unit staff to provide training and education to frontline staff during initial response to COVID-19. These findings have implications for planning and investments to avoid the panic-then-forget cycle that hinders sustained preparedness for future special pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2021.0193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T14:30:30Z","timestamp":1652884230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["COVID-19 Response Among US Hospitals with Emerging Special Pathogen Programs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Vasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Angela Vasa, MSN, RN, is Director of Isolation and Quarantine Services, Nebraska Medicine; and Director of Readiness Consultations and Metric Development, National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Pacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valerie Pacino, MPH, is a Graduate Assistant, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and NETEC, Omaha, NE."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Vasistha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sami Vasistha, MS, is a Program Manager, NETEC, and a Program Manager, Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"ElRayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wael ElRayes, MBBCh, PhD, MS, FACHE, is an Evaluator, NETEC, and an Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John J. Lowe, PhD, is Co-Principal Investigator, NETEC; a Professor, Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health; and Assistant Vice Chancellor for Health Security Training and Education; all at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2017.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR). Regional Treatment Network for Ebola and Other Special Pathogens. Washington DC: ASPR; 2017. Accessed April22 2022. https:\/\/www.phe.gov\/Preparedness\/planning\/hpp\/reports\/Documents\/RETN-Ebola-Report-508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC). Annual Report FY2020. NETEC; 2020. Accessed April26 2022. https:\/\/netec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NETEC-FY20-Annual-Report_12.2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Bioemergency Planning: A Guide for Healthcare Facilities","author":"Reimers MHJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reimers MHJ, , Garibaldi BT, . Staffing. In: Hewlett AL, , Rehka AMK, eds. Bioemergency Planning: A Guide for Healthcare Facilities. New York: Springer; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA issues second emergency use authorization to decontaminate N95 respirators. Published April 10 2020. Accessed April22 2022. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-second-emergency-use-authorization-decontaminate-n95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Strategies for optimizing the supply of N95 respirators. Updated September 16 2021. Accessed April22 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/respirators-strategy\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2018.0095"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Joint external evaluation \u2013 development and scale-up of global multisectoral health capacity evaluation process","volume":"23","author":"Bell E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bell E, , Tappero JW, , Ijaz K, et al; CDC JEE Team; WHO Geneva JEE Secretariat. Joint external evaluation \u2013 development and scale-up of global multisectoral health capacity evaluation process. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017; 23(suppl 1):S33-S39.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Lowe JM Mehta A Mukherjee V et al. Before the pandemic the United States had begun building a special pathogen system. What can we learn from its COVID-19 response? Health Affairs Blog. Published October 1 2021. Accessed April22 2022. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/forefront.20210927.175459\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2020.0098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1262"}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:40:39Z","timestamp":1777452039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hs.2021.0193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0193","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]}}}