{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:51:23Z","timestamp":1783651883564,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The health security planning process transforms recommendations from various evaluations into priority actions to strengthen countries' capacity for emergency preparedness using the One Health approach. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed many tools to facilitate the planning process of a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) across the various components, a series of multisectoral workshops is still needed to complete the process. In this article, we report on the process of developing Cameroon's NAPHS and propose an innovative solution to improve the process. The NAPHS development process was conducted from May to December 2018. The WHO NAPHS framework, adapted to the local context, guided the process. The WHO planning matrix was used to plan activities and the WHO NAPHS costing tool was used to facilitate the costing exercise. A total of 84 Joint External Evaluation recommendations were translated into activities included in Cameroon's NAPHS. Among these activities, the majority (56%) were of medium priority. The total cost of a 5-year NAPHS was US$87,668,356, with almost half (49%) of the budget allocated to activities in the \u201cPrevent\u201d category and more than a third (35%) allocated to the \u201cDetect\u201d category. The top 3 cost drivers were immunization (22%), the national laboratory system (21%), and antimicrobial resistance (16%). The NAPHS informed policymakers of planned activities and funding needs to fast-track the development of health security capacities. Running gaps in funding will be addressed during a resource mapping exercise. To improve the overall planning process, a web-based support solution, where stakeholders select from a menu of recommendations from the Joint External Evaluation to develop a NAPHS, should be developed to improve the NAPHS development process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2022.0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T09:14:08Z","timestamp":1666775648000},"page":"424-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Health Security Planning: Developing the Cameroon National Action Plan for Health Security"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Viviane Ndoungu\u00e9","family":"Fossouo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viviane Ndoungu\u00e9 Fossouo, MPH, is an Epidemiologist and Head of Section, IHR Implementation Program, National Public Health Observatory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Moctar Mouliom","family":"Mouiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche, DVM, PhD, is Country Team Lead, USAID Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance Project, ICF Cameroon, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."},{"name":"Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche is also an Associate Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Labat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aline Labat, MPH, is a Researcher and Lecturer, School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland Kimbi","family":"Wango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roland Kimbi Wango, MA, MPH, is a Technical Officer, Emergency Preparedness and Response Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Dakar Hub, Senegal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Tiwoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christie Tiwoda is an Assistant Program Officer, Regulatory Unit, Legal Affairs and Litigation Division, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Tonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calvin Tonga, PhD, MSc, MPH, is Head of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chancelline Bilounga","family":"Ndongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chancelline Bilounga Ndongo, MD, MPH, is Head, Epidemiological Surveillance Service, Department of Disease Control, Epidemic, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."},{"name":"Chancelline Bilounga Ndongo is also a Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marc Feussom","family":"Kameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Marc Feussom Kameni, DVM, CES, MSc, is a Veterinary Epidemiologist, Animal Disease Epidemiology Surveillance Network (RESCAM), Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries, and Animal Industries, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Nguefack-Tsague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georges Nguefack-Tsague, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues C. Nana","family":"Djeunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hugues C. Nana Djeunga, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Molecular Parasitology and Genetic Epidemiology Department, Centre for Research on Filariasis and Other Tropical Diseases, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumarou","family":"Gnigninanjouena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oumarou Gnigninanjouena, MD, MPH, is Coordinator, National Public Health Observatory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer T.","family":"Njajou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omer T. 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