{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:32:40Z","timestamp":1777681960551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spread of bacteria that cause illness is a critical problem facing the restaurant industry worldwide. These bacteria can proliferate in various restaurants areas through airborne transmission mechanisms, increasing the risk of food contamination. In this study, our aim was to detect the presence of potential foodborne pathogenic bacteria\u2014\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and aerobic bacteria\u2014in aerosols of different restaurants zones in Riyadh city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We focused on 3 important zones: preparation (Zone A), food packaging (Zone B), and handwashing (Zone C). The bacteria of interest were isolated, identified, and characterized by using selective media, biochemical, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The results showed that all 40 of the studied restaurants were contaminated with aerobic bacteria, with a total count of 3,978 colony-forming units (CFU) in Zone C, 1,323 in Zone B, and 525 in Zone A.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was identified as the most prevalent illness-causing bacteria in Zone A-derived aerosols (721 CFU), while\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    had the highest occurrence in aerosols in Zone C (528 CFU). Pertaining to the antibiotic resistance phenotype of assessed isolates, our findings revealed that Zone C-derived\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates showed resistance ranging from 25% to 100% toward 8 of the 15 tested antibiotics.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates originating from Zone B exhibited between 25% and 75% resistance to 2 antibiotics, while isolates from Zone C showed resistance ranging from 5.88% to 47.05% to 4 antibiotics. Findings from this study illustrate that restaurants\u2019 aerosols are highly contaminated with different antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which increases the risk of food poisoning and threats food security.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2024.0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T11:43:46Z","timestamp":1740656626000},"page":"94-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Airborne Bacteria in Restaurant Environments in Riyadh City"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Basel","family":"Aldosary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Chouayekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alhanouf","family":"Alkhammash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasayf","family":"Aljuaydi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabr","family":"El-Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Alhotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Aljarbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0495-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiydh","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Aldosary, Alhanouf Alkhammash, PhD, and Wasayf Aljuaydi are Laboratory Specialists, Microbiology Section; Adel Alhotan is Laboratory Manager, Microbiology Section; and Aiydh Alshehri, MSc, is Project Manager, Laboratory Management; all in the Riyadh Municipality Central Area Labs, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hichem Chouayekh, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Gabr El-Kot, PhD, is a Professor of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt. Walid Aljarbou, PhD, is General Administration Manager, General Administration of Public Health, Riyadh Municipality, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.S95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Food safety. Published October 4 2024. 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