{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:55:29Z","timestamp":1790679329822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Gene Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common and disabling joint disease. Although there is no clear consensus on the complex pathogenic mechanism of ONFH, trauma, abuse of glucocorticoids, and alcoholism are implicated in its etiology. The therapeutic strategies are still limited, and the clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert a positive impact on ONFH in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. The beneficial properties of MSCs are due, at least in part, to their ability to home to the injured tissue, secretion of paracrine signaling molecules, and multipotentiality. Nevertheless, the regenerative capacity of transplanted cells is impaired by the hostile environment of necrotic tissue\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , limiting their clinical efficacy. Recently, genetic engineering has been introduced as an attractive strategy to improve the regenerative properties of MSCs in the treatment of early-stage ONFH. This review summarizes the function of several genes used in the engineering of MSCs for the treatment of ONFH. Further, current challenges and future perspectives of genetic manipulation of MSCs are discussed. The notion of genetically engineered MSCs functioning as a \u201cfactory\u201d that can produce a significant amount of multipotent and patient-specific therapeutic product is emphasized.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2019.306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T07:42:02Z","timestamp":1580802122000},"page":"286-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Therapeutic Applications of Genes and Gene-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Femoral Head Necrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng Long","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi Xing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cen Jin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao Ya","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu Nan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003706"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198909000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-07-455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3317-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Clinical application of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: part II related to myofascial and nerve apparatus","volume":"29","author":"Saggini R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saggini R, , Di Stefano A, , Saggini A, et al. 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