{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:29:38Z","timestamp":1791487778671,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Gene Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CLN2 disease (late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease that results from loss of function mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CLN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, which encodes tripeptidyl peptidase 1. It affects the central nervous system (CNS) with progressive neurodegeneration and early death, typically at ages from 8 to 12 years. Twenty years ago, our phase I clinical trial treated subjects with CLN2 disease by a catheter-based CNS administration of an adeno-associated virus vector serotype 2 (AAV2) expressing the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CLN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. Here we present an analysis of the survival of the 10 treated children and find 2 distinct survival groups with a wide disparity in survival. Group 1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 7) had the typical mean survival of 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 years of age, 3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 years post-therapy. Group 2 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3) had a markedly longer mean survival of 23.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 years of age and 14.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8 years post-therapy (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.00002, survival of group 1 vs. group 2). Long survivors (group 2) at the time of treatment were older (group 1: 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 years; group 2: 8.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 years;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.02); had similar disease severity (Hamburg clinical score group 1: 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, group 2: 3 \u00b1 0.0,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05); and had larger CNS ventricular volume (81.1\u2009\u00b1\u200922.2 cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    vs. 27.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2 cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    for group 1;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.02). While the genotype of 3, group 2 subjects, had one allele (509-1G&gt;C) identical to that of three in group 1, the second allele was different. This was unlikely to explain the survival difference, as alleles for both groups were equally predicted deleterious by the Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion score: 34.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 and 32.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 for groups 1 and 2, respectively (a score of &gt;20 is considered deleterious). This represents one of the longest survival studies (up to 20 years) of AAV-treated individuals with hereditary disorders and demonstrates variability of therapeutic efficacy where the genotype on its own has no apparent survival advantage.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Protocol registration numbers for the original study: NCT00151216 and NCT00151268;\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2024.182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1735809553000},"page":"28-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Twenty-Year Survival Analysis of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Serotype 2-Mediated Gene Therapy to the Central Nervous System for CLN2 Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2218-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolan","family":"Sondhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Kaminsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboubeh R.","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Crystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5333.1802"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)","author":"Williams RE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Williams RE, , Gottlob I, , Lake BD, et al. CLN2 Classic Late Infantile NCL. In: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). (Goebel HH, , Mole SE, , Lake BD eds.) IOS Press: Amsterdam; 1999; pp. 37\u201354."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0414-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2019.1684258"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10660"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267885.47092.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2004.15.1131"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Gene Therapy for the Late Infantile Form of Batten Disease. In: Gene therapy of the central nervous system: from bench to bedside","author":"Sondhi D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sondhi D, , Hackett NR, , Kaminsky SM, et al. Gene Therapy for the Late Infantile Form of Batten Disease. In: Gene therapy of the central nervous system: from bench to bedside. (Kaplitt M, , During M eds.) Elsevier: London; 2005; pp. 317\u2013333."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.Peds09507"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2008.0519"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2008.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.785841"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0551"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3297"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23860"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104303402760128612"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2892"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb5413"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142658"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-08-302729"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci79213"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.3.0584"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2017.231"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2023.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13915"}],"container-title":["Human Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/hum.2024.182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hum.2024.182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/hum.2024.182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:10:03Z","timestamp":1790827803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/hum.2024.182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/hum.2024.182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hum.2024.182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-0342","1557-7422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-0342","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}